新概念英语第三册笔记资料(4)

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　　新概念英语第三册笔记第14课 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒

　　【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

　　★gangstern. 歹徒,强盗

　　a band of gangsters 一伙强盗

　　robber 抢劫犯，抢劫者;bandit强盗，土匪

　　brigand 强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇;书面用语

　　hooligan 流氓，不良分子

　　hoodlum 罪犯，恶汉;口语

　　rascal 淘气，捣蛋鬼;口语

　　★Chicagon. 芝加哥(美国城市)

　　★protectionn. 保护

　　protection money 保护费

　　protect v.: protect from

　　We must protect our eyes from the sunshine.

　　protective adj. 保护的

　　protector n. 保护者

　　protege n. 被保护者

　　★promptly　　adv. 准时地

　　I give him a ring and he call me back promptly

　　He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.

　　on time 准时/in time 及时

　　punctually adv. 守时地

　　★destroy　　v. 毁掉;消灭

　　destroy n. 强盗毁灭，消灭，完全的摧毁

　　The earthquake destroyed the destroyed his dream.

　　damage n. v.强调受损程度不很严重，可以被修复

　　The big clock was damaged.

　　break v.n. 强调弄坏，弄断

　　Two of the strings were broken.

　　spoil v. 强调把事情搅和了

　　spoil the party; spoil the holiday

　　★remarkable　　adj. 不寻常的

　　remarkable adj.: unusual; uncommon; extraordinary

　　a remarkable event 不同寻常的事件;an extraordinary event

　　outstanding adj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的

　　Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.

　　distinguished adj. 杰出的，卓越的，不同非凡的

　　eminent adj. 显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的

　　a distinguished physicist; an eminent surgeon; an eminent judge

　　a distinguished layer

　　well-known adj. 强调众所周知的

　　famous adj. 因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的

　　She is well-known in the musical world/This is well-known fact.

　　He is a famous Luxun is famous for his articles.

　　notorious adj. 臭明昭著的，臭名远扬的;be famous for bad things

　　Hitler is notorious.

　　infamous adj. 身名狼藉的

　　renowned adj. 某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而闻名

　　Hangzhou is renowned for...

　　★hand　　n. 帮,团伙

　　a band of robbers 一伙强盗

　　mob n. 表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派;a mob of hooligans 一伙流氓

　　gang n. 一伙;a gang of thieves

　　nest n. 窝;a nest of bandits

　　pack n. 团伙、帮派;a pack of hoodlums

　　★Florencen. 佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)

　　★city-staten. (古代)城邦

　　★hirev. 租出,雇给

　　hire;rent;let;employ

　　hire out; rent out 租给

　　Does this firm hire out cars?

　　rent out 租给，雇给;主要强调出租房屋

　　He rent out his house to a tourist.

　　let 出租房屋;let his house/Please let your house to me.

　　hire from; rent hrom 租进来

　　He hired a car from us/ I rent a room from Mrs.Johnson.

　　hire 指短期雇佣体力劳动者

　　employ 指长期雇佣或聘用脑力劳动者

　　We employed her as our advisor.

　　The factory employed 500 workers.

　　He hired two helpers

　　★princen. 君主,诸候

　　★Florentinen. 佛罗伦萨人

　　★funeraln. 葬礼

　　★dedicatev. 奉献,题献给

　　dedicate to

　　He dedicated his first book to his mother

　　dedicate 献身，奉献;比devote更为正式而庄重

　　I devote my time to helping my students.

　　He dedicates his life to his motherland.

　　He dedicated his life to science.

　　★memoryn. 纪念

　　You have a good memory

　　in memory of/to the memory of

　　If my memory serves me well,you're Tom.

　　★valiantadj. 英勇的

　　brave adj. 勇敢的

　　The boy is brave.

　　During war,soldiers are valiant.

　　fearless adj. 大无畏的，无所畏惧的

　　We are fearless in time of danger.

　　courageous adj. 有胆量的，有勇气的

　　How did Haywood make in times of peace?

　　There was a tine when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.

　　(暂不提供全部课文内容)

　　【新概念英语第三册第14课 课文讲解】

　　pay large sums of money to sb.　向某人付大笔大笔的费用

　　in return for 目的是为了换取----作为对……的回报

　　Eg.: He gave me some books in return for my help.

　　when 引导状语从句修饰time

　　There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.

　　promptly: immediately

　　put a man out of business: 使某人失业

　　put of...使某人失去……

　　Eg.: You are putting me out of patience.

　　Eg.: You have already put everything out of order.

　　put it out of your mind 忘记这件事情吧

　　by destroying his shop 通过……手段

　　Eg.: You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.

　　obtaining...

　　obtaining: getting

　　as long ago as 追溯回到;　dating back to

　　Eg.: I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.

　　John Hawkwood's discovery was quite remarkable

　　make the remarkable discovery 做出不同寻常的发现

　　would rather ...than...宁愿而不

　　Eg.: He would rather die than surrender.

　　Eg.: I would rather play tennis than swim.

　　would prefer to do ... than do...

　　would prefer doing ... to doing...

　　Eg.: He would prefer to die than surrender.

　　Eg.: He would prefer dying to surrendering.

　　would rather: sooner+ that 宾语从句(过去式)

　　Eg.: I would rather that you were not here.

　　Eg.: I would rather that I didn't see you.

　　Eg.: He would rather that he didn't hear the news.

　　life work 毕生的事业

　　Eg.: I want to have the tree cut down.

　　Six hundred years ago...

　　settled near Florence 定居在 Florence 附近

　　made a name for himself: become famous

　　Eg.: They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.

　　come to/get to 渐渐的

　　come to be known 渐渐被人所熟知

　　Eg.: I come to be known to my students.

　　Eg.: I got to know him

　　whenever 无论什么时候

　　at war 交战;　at war with 于……交战

　　hire 表示出租

　　who 指代prince

　　he demanded: Hawkwood demanded

　　in time of peace 在和平期间

　　march into 大踏步行军

　　burn down 烧毁/burn up 烧光/burn out 烧空

　　would offer to go away: would promise to go away

　　The house was burned out only...

　　in spite of this 尽管如此

　　People in different countries have different opinions.

　　Eg.: the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.

　　give sb.a state funeral 给某人举行国葬

　　have sth.done

　　Signor 意大利语，先生

　　which 指代picture

　　be dedicated to the memory of sb.

　　the most valiant 比较级的最高级形式

　　【Special difficulties】

　　would rather,would sooner:

　　would rather do than do

　　would rather that (that宾语从句中要出现动词的过去时)

　　(1)...go...

　　(2)...left... 省略了that

　　(3)...did not speak...

　　(4)...not speak... 否定形式结构："宁愿不做..."would rather not do

　　(5)...settled...

　　(6)...didn't tell...

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