新概念第一册语法详解:动词过去式变化规则

2017-01-02 18:15:00来源:网络

  新东方在线新概念英语网为大家带来新概念第一册语法详解:动词过去式变化规则,希望以下内容能够为大家的英语提供帮助!

  动词过去式的变化规则

  1. 规则变化

  ①一般情况下,直接加ed

  work—— worked

  look——looked

  walk——walked

  ②以e结尾的单词,直接加d

  live ——lived

  hope——hoped

  use——used

  ③以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed

  study——studied

  carry——carried

  ④以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed

  enjoy ——enjoyed

  play——played

  ⑤以重读、一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节结尾的动词,双写最后的辅音字母+ed

  stop—— stopped

  plan——planned

  prefer——preferred

  2. 不规则变化

  为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词,现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型,每个类型中又分若干组,尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点,以帮助记忆。

  1. A—A—A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

过去分词

含义

cost

cost

cost

花费

cut

cut

cut

割,切

hit

hit

hit

let

let

let

put

put

put

放下

read

read

read

hurt

hurt

hurt

  2. A—A—B型(现在式和过去式同形)

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

过去分词

含义

beat

beat

beaten

  3. A—B—A型(现在式和过去分词同形)

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

过去分词

含义

come

came

come

become

became

become

run

ran

run

  4. A—B—B型(过去式和过去分词同形)

  (1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

过去分词

含义

burn

burnt

burnt

燃烧

learn

learned/learnt

learned/learnt

学习

mean

meant

meant

意思

hear

heard

heard

听见

  (2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

过去分词

含义

build

built

built

建筑

lend

lent

lent

借给

lose

lost

lost

失去

send

sent

sent

spend

spent

spent

花费

  (3)其他

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

过去分词

含义

pay

paid

paid

lay

laid

laid

下蛋

say

said

said

bring

brought

brought

带来

buy

bought

bought

think

thought

thought

sleep

slept

slept

keep

kept

kept

保持

sweep

swept

swept

stand

stood

stood

understand

understood

understood

明白

win

won

won

得胜

shine

shone/shined

shone/shined

发光

catch

caught

caught

抓住

teach

taught

taught

feel

felt

felt

觉得

fight

fought

fought

战斗

find

found

found

发现

get

got

got

得到

hang

hanged

hanged

绞死

hung

hung

have

had

had

hold

held

held

盛,握

leave

left

left

离开

make

made

made

制造

meet

met

met

遇见

sell

sold

sold

shoot

shot

shot

射击

tell

told

told

告诉

smell

smelt/smelled

smelt/smelled

嗅,闻

sit

sat

sat

dig

dug

dug

  5. A—B—C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)

  (1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

过去分词

含义

eat

ate

eaten

fall

fell

fallen

落下

steal

stole

stolen

give

gave

given

freeze

froze

frozen

冻结

take

took

taken

see

saw

seen

看见

write

wrote

written

ride

rode

ridden

drive

drove

driven

驾驶

throw

threw

thrown

抛,扔

blow

blew

blown

grow

grew

grown

生长

know

knew

known

知道

fly

flew

flown

draw

drew

drawn

拉,绘画

show

showed

shown

展示

  (2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

过去分词

含义

speak

spoke

spoken

说话

break

broke

broken

破碎,折断

wake

waked/ woke

waked/ waken

choose

chose

chosen

选择

forget

forgot

forgotten

忘记

  (3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

过去分词

含义

begin

began

begun

开始

ring

rang

rung

按铃

sing

sang

sung

sink

sank

sunk

swim

swam

swum

游泳

drink

drank

drunk

  (4)其他不规则动词的变化。

动词原形(现在式)

过去式

过去分词

含义

be(am, is)

was

been

be(are)

were

do

did

done

go

went

gone

lie

lay

lain

wear

wore

worn

穿


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