马斯克为什么全力押注特朗普？

　　Elon Musk, the world's richest person, has launched a far-reaching effort to help elect former President Donald Trump. Musk, who owns X, frequently posts messages in support of Trump on the social media platform, where he boasts more than 202 million followers. At Trump rallies, Musk has occasionally appeared on stage to make an impassioned plea for votes. He has also donated nearly $75 million in support of Trump over a three-month period ending in September, government filings show.世界首富埃隆·马斯克已发起一项行动，助力前总统唐纳德·特朗普当选。马斯克是X公司的所有者，他经常在拥有超过2.02亿粉丝的社交媒体平台上发布支持特朗普的消息。在特朗普的集会上，马斯克偶尔也会上台发表激情演讲，为特朗普拉票。政府文件显示，马斯克在截至9月的三个月内，为支持特朗普捐赠了近7500万美元。

　　Even more, Musk recently began a daily $1 million giveaway to registered voters in battleground states. Philadelphia District Attorney Larry Krasner subsequently sued Musk for allegedly conducting an illegal lottery. To enter the sweepstake, individuals must sign a petition circulated by Musk's America PAC that pledges support for the First and Second Amendment. The only people eligible to sign are registered voters in seven key swing states, the America PAC website says. Attorneys for Musk denied the DA's claims of illegality and filed documents on Wednesday seeking to move the case to federal court. The daily lotteries are ongoing.不仅如此，马斯克最近还开始向竞选关键州的选民每天捐赠100万美元。费城地方检察官拉里·克拉斯纳随后以涉嫌非法抽奖为由对马斯克提起诉讼。想要参与抽奖，个人必须签署一份由马斯克的美利坚政治行动委员会发起的请愿书，承诺支持第一修正案和第二修正案。美利坚政治行动委员会的网站上说，只有七个关键摇摆州的注册选民才有资格签署。马斯克的律师否认了地方检察官关于非法的指控，并于周三提交文件，请求将此案移交至联邦法院。每日抽奖仍在继续。

　　Musk, who leads Tesla and SpaceX, appears to align with Trump on a host of issues, including mass deportation and deregulation. But the election also holds significant implications for Musk's companies, many of which do business with the U.S. government and face disputes with federal agencies.马斯克领导着特斯拉和太空探索技术公司，他在包括大规模驱逐出境和放宽监管在内的一系列问题上似乎与特朗普保持一致。但此次选举对马斯克的公司也有着重大影响，他的许多公司都与美国政府有业务往来，并与联邦机构存在纠纷。

　　"The relationship that Elon Musk has with the federal government is unprecedented," Stephen Diamond, a professor at Santa Clara University Law School who specializes in corporate governance and securities law, told ABC News.“埃隆·马斯克与联邦政府的关系史无前例，”专注于公司治理和证券法的圣克拉拉大学法学院教授斯蒂芬·戴蒙德告诉美国广播公司新闻。

　　ABC News contacted Musk-owned companies Tesla and Space X in an effort to reach Musk for comment. He did not immediately respond. Musk's America PAC also did not respond to a request for comment.美国广播公司新闻联系了马斯克名下的特斯拉和太空探索技术公司，试图联系马斯克进行置评。他未立即回应。马斯克的美利坚政治行动委员会也没有回应置评请求。

　　Here's what's at stake for Musk in the 2024 election:以下是2024年选举对马斯克来说至关重要的几个方面：

　　Government contracts worth billions价值数十亿美元的政府合同

　　A host of Musk-run firms do business with the U.S. government or receive federal support.许多由马斯克经营的公司与美国政府有业务往来或获得联邦支持。

　　"You're talking billions of dollars a year," Richard Pierce, a law professor at George Washington University who focuses on government regulation, told ABC News about Musk's business dealings. "The president has tremendous discretionary power over government contracts."“你每年在说数十亿美元，”专注于政府监管的乔治华盛顿大学法学教授理查德·皮尔斯告诉美国广播公司新闻，“总统在政府合同方面拥有巨大的自由裁量权。”

　　SpaceX, an aerospace company, counts the U.S. as a key client. In June, NASA awarded SpaceX $843 million to build a vehicle that would aid in taking the International Space Station out of orbit. As recently as last week, the U.S. Space Force awarded SpaceX with more than $700 million to help with a series of launches over the coming years.太空探索技术公司是一家航空航天公司，美国是其重要客户。6月，美国国家航空航天局授予太空探索技术公司8.43亿美元，用于建造一辆有助于将国际空间站移出轨道的航天器。就在上周，美国太空军授予太空探索技术公司超过7亿美元，帮助其在未来几年内完成一系列发射任务。

　　Tesla has also received contracts from the Defense Department and the Transportation Department, among other agencies.特斯拉还从国防部、交通运输部等其他机构获得了合同。

　　In all, SpaceX and Tesla have received at least $15.4 billion in government contracts over the past decade, a New York Times analysis found.《纽约时报》的一项分析发现，过去十年间，太空探索技术公司和特斯拉共获得了至少154亿美元的政府合同。

　　Tesla has also benefited from billions in federal subsidies. Since 2018, Tesla has received $9 billion in such government support, according to a Reuters analysis of securities filings. The funds have primarily stemmed from a program that rewards manufacturers for exceeding carbon emissions limits.特斯拉还从数十亿美元的联邦补贴中受益。路透社对证券备案文件的分析显示，自2018年以来，特斯拉已获得90亿美元的此类政府支持。这些资金主要来自一项奖励超出碳排放限制制造商的计划。

　　"Musk is intertwined financially with the federal government," Diamond said.“马斯克与联邦政府在经济上紧密相连，”戴蒙德说。

　　A need for friendlier regulators需要更友好的监管机构

　　Musk-led companies are currently locked in an array of disputes with federal agencies and regulators.马斯克领导的公司目前与多个联邦机构和监管机构陷入了一系列纠纷。

　　The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has embarked upon several probes of Tesla over alleged dangers associated with Tesla's self-driving capability. Earlier this month, the NHTSA announced a new investigation regarding the system's ability to navigate conditions of "reduced roadway visibility."美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)已对特斯拉展开多项调查，称其自动驾驶功能存在危险。本月早些时候，该局宣布了一项针对该系统在“道路视线不佳”条件下导航能力的新调查。

　　According to Tesla's website, "The currently enabled Autopilot and Full Self-Driving (Supervised) features require active driver supervision and do not make the vehicle autonomous."特斯拉网站称，“目前启用的Autopilot和完全自动驾驶(受监督)功能需要驾驶员主动监控，并不能使车辆实现自动驾驶。”

　　Meanwhile, the National Labor Relations Board has filed multiple complaints against SpaceX over the terms of a severance agreement as well as the alleged illegal termination of employees who wrote a letter to management criticizing Musk. SpaceX sued the NLRB in January claiming that its administrative hearings violate the U.S. Constitution. In the lawsuit, attorneys for SpaceX alleged that proceedings at the NLRB involving in-house judges "deprive SpaceX of its constitutional right to trial by jury."

　　同时，美国国家劳动关系委员会(NLRB)已就遣散协议条款以及对写信给管理层批评马斯克的员工进行所谓非法解雇一事，对SpaceX提出多项指控。SpaceX于1月起诉NLRB，声称其行政听证会违反了美国宪法。在诉讼中，SpaceX的律师指控NLRB涉及内部法官的诉讼程序“剥夺了SpaceX宪法赋予的接受陪审团审判的权利”。

　　The letter criticizing Musk "caused significant distraction to SpaceX employees around the country," the lawsuit said. Some employees involved with the letter were terminated "for violating numerous company policies," the lawsuit added. In July, a federal judge in Texas temporarily blocked the NLRB complaints while the company's constitutional challenge makes its way through the courts. The judge did not provide the reasoning for his decision, but such an order requires a finding that the plaintiff will likely prevail in his or her case, Reuters reported. Federal agencies execute laws enacted by Congress, but enforcement decisions depend largely on directives and personnel decisions made by the sitting president, Pierce said. In turn, he added, the election holds significant implications for Musk in this area.该诉讼称，批评马斯克的信件“给全国各地的SpaceX员工造成了极大的分心”。一些参与撰写该信的员工因“违反公司多项政策”而被解雇，诉讼补充道。7月，德克萨斯州的一名联邦法官暂时阻止了NLRB的指控，因为该公司对宪法的挑战正在法院进行。法官没有给出裁决的理由，但路透社报道称，此类命令需要认定原告在其案件中很可能胜诉。皮尔斯表示，联邦机构执行国会颁布的法律，但执法决策在很大程度上取决于现任总统发布的指令和人事决策。因此，他补充道，此次选举在这一领域对马斯克具有重大影响。

　　"The agencies are controlled by the president, and so the president can tell the heads of the agencies to 'do this or do that,'" Pierce added. "They of course have statutory boundaries but they do what the president tells them to do."“这些机构由总统控制，因此总统可以指示机构负责人‘这样做或那样做’，”皮尔斯补充道，“他们当然有法定界限，但他们会做总统告诉他们要做的事。”

　　In August, Trump praised Musk for his willingness to fire striking workers. "You're the greatest cutter," Trump told Musk during an interview on X. "I look at what you do. You walk in and say, 'You want to quit?' I won't mention the name of the company but they go on strike and you say, 'That's OK. You're all gone.'"8月，特朗普称赞马斯克愿意解雇罢工工人。特朗普在X频道的采访中对马斯克说：“你是最棒的裁员专家。我看着你做的事。你走进去说，‘你们想辞职吗?’我不会提那家公司的名字，但他们罢工了，你说，‘没关系。你们都走吧。’”

　　The Trump campaign said support from Musk and other entrepreneurs underscores the strength of the candidate's economic plans.特朗普竞选团队表示，马斯克和其他企业家的支持突显了候选人经济计划的实力。

　　"President Trump's agenda includes economic, energy and regulatory policies that will allow the US to reclaim its global dominance of innovation and technology. When you have dozens of industry leaders like Elon Musk and David Sacks among the long list of supporters, it is a recognition that President Trump is the clear choice," Brian Hughes, a senior advisor to the Trump campaign, told ABC News in a statement.特朗普竞选团队的高级顾问布赖恩·休斯在一份声明中告诉美国广播公司新闻：“特朗普总统的议程包括经济、能源和监管政策，这将使美国重新夺回在创新和科技领域的全球主导地位。当你有像埃隆·马斯克和戴维·萨克斯这样的数十位行业领袖在长长的支持者名单上时，这就表明特朗普总统是明确的选择。”

　　A potentially massive tax break潜在的巨额税收优惠

　　Musk could stand to benefit from a large tax cut if Trump wins the election.如果特朗普赢得大选，马斯克可能会从大幅减税中受益。

　　The tax savings may result from a proposed plan from Trump in which Musk would take a role in the Trump administration as head of a new "government efficiency commission." Since Musk's companies do significant business with the federal government, Musk may be required to sell the stakes he holds in the various firms.税收节省可能来自于特朗普提出的一项计划，该计划将让马斯克在特朗普政府中担任新成立的“政府效率委员会”负责人。由于马斯克的公司与联邦政府有大量业务往来，马斯克可能需要出售他在各家公司所持的股份。

　　Under such circumstances, Musk would likely avail himself of section 1043 of the federal tax code, which allows an individual to put off all capital gains taxes on the sale of such assets.在这种情况下，马斯克可能会利用联邦税法第1043条，该条款允许个人推迟缴纳出售此类资产的所有资本利得税。

　　Enacted in 1992, this piece of tax law aimed to lower the potential costs faced by wealthy people when deciding to join the federal government, Edward McCaffery, a law professor at the University of Southern California who focuses on tax policy, told ABC News. If he joined the Trump administration, Musk would become the wealthiest person to ever make use of the provision. The tax break could save Musk tens of billions of dollars, according to The Lever, which first reported the potential benefit. Despite the massive potential tax savings, Musk may attempt to circumvent the requirement or forgo a major role in the administration, McCaffrey said. Musk may not want to give up his holdings in companies over which he holds tight control, nor would it be appealing for Musk to exchange fast-growing stock holdings with the less-attractive investments permitted by law.专注于税收政策的南加州大学法学教授爱德华·麦卡弗里告诉美国广播公司新闻，这项税法于1992年颁布，旨在降低富人在决定加入联邦政府时面临的潜在成本。据首次报道这一潜在利益的《杠杆》杂志称，如果马斯克加入特朗普政府，他将成为有史以来利用该条款的最富有的人。税收优惠可能为马斯克节省数十亿美元。尽管潜在的税收节省数额巨大，但麦卡弗里表示，马斯克可能会试图规避这一要求，或者放弃在政府中担任要职。马斯克可能不想放弃对其严格控制的公司的持股，而且，用法律允许的不太吸引人的投资来换取快速增长的股票持股，对马斯克来说也不具吸引力。

　　"There are reasons to be skeptical," McCaffrey said. "I don't get any glimmer that Musk wants to give up control of Tesla or SpaceX."“有理由表示怀疑，”麦卡弗里说，“我看不出马斯克有任何想要放弃对特斯拉或SpaceX控制的迹象。”