新概念英语第四册笔记重点：On Telling the Truth（2）

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　　abject 卑鄙的

　　at best充其量

　　average student 中等生

　　at most

　　at least 至少

　　rejectvt.丢弃 后跟 habit or idea

　　discard 后跟 sth. concrete discard the old

　　clothes

　　toss toss up 硬币

　　abandon

　　I’m abandoned by the girl.

　　dump 抛弃

　　I’m dumped.

　　I’m rejected.

　　I’m abandoned.

　　The relation broke up 关系断了

　　approxiamationn.近似

　　approxiamate adj.

　　he is approxiamately an average student.

　　approciamately=about

　　acutea.敏锐的

　　he has acute eyes.他目光敏锐

　　eagle eye

　　bat eye 瞎眼

　　observant eye

　　decerning eyes

　　look-outn.警戒

　　on the look-out for the bad habit

　　look-outn.守望员

　　on the alert

　　alert 警报

　　on the guard 小心

　　vicious a.恶毒的

　　thrustvt.猛然推开

　　thrust my Enghlish aside

　　cast aside

　　thrust one’s way through the

　　crowd 挤出人群

　　elbow one’s way

　　thrust five yuan into my hand 塞给我五元钱

　　thrusting 盛气凌人

　　expose vt.暴露

　　Girls don’t want to expose themselves in the

　　sun.

　　suntanned 被太阳晒黑的

　　be expose to 暴露在

　　Students should be exposed to more

　　reading。学生应该多读书。

　　spellvt.导致，带来

　　lead to

　　result in

　　invite

　　incur

　　Pride spells failure.骄兵必败

　　Sloth spells failure.懒惰生出恶果。

　　Spell n. 咒语

　　I’m spellbound. 我被迷住了

　　Anglo-Saxonn. 盎 格 鲁 - 撒 克 逊 人

　　(449-1066)

　　Roman Empire falls

　　retreat 撤退

　　Celtic 凯尔特人

　　Notes on the text 课文注释

　　第一句：The Victorians, realizing that the greatest Happiness accorded to man

　　is that

　　provided by a happy marriage(后置定语), endeavoured to pretend that all their

　　marriages

　　were happy.(主提)

　　Victorians:那个时代的人们

　　endeavour=try 尽力，尝试

　　make effects

　　accorded to man=given to man

　　save fighting 拳击

　　mental enjoyment 思想的幸福

　　第二句： for our part, admitting the fact that no featWe,(技巧)of intelligence

　　and character

　　is so exacting as that required of two people who desire to live

　　permanently together on a

　　basis of amity, are obsessed by the problem of how to render the basic

　　facts of cohabitation

　　simpler and more reasonable, in order that unhappy marriages may less

　　frequently result.

　　render=make

　　cohabitation 同住

　　live in sin(罪过)

　　abbot 方丈

　　feat 壮举，技巧

　　exacting 精确无误，毫厘不差

　　intelligence=mental work

　　shoulder the burden 肩负责任

　　in order that (表目的)以便于

　　result 产生

　　hand in hand beggars 手牵手的乞丐(沿街乞讨的乞丐)

　　改句型：we admitted that ……..so we were obsessed……

　　第三句：The Victorians would have considered it 'painful' or 'unpleasant' were

　　one to point

　　out that only four marriages out of every ten are anything but forced

　　servitudes.

　　虚拟语气，因为猜测。

　　if one were to point out……倒装句型

　　four marriages out of every ten 十分之四

　　anything but 除去

　　arranged marriage 包办婚姻 red veil 红纱

　　第四句：We ourselves start from this very assumption and try to build from it a

　　theory of

　　more sensible relations between the sexes. (开始论述)

　　very 修饰名词，是强调词

　　on the very day, I met the girl. 就在这一天，我见了那个女孩。

　　On the very morning 就是那天早晨

　　from=based on

　　sensible=reasonable 合理的

　　第五句：Of all forms of arrant untruthfulness Victorian optimism appears to me

　　to the most

　　cowardly and the most damaging.

　　optimism 乐观派，乐观主义(主语)

　　have been 过去完成式，

　　damaging 危害严重的

　　介词短语前置句

　　Victorian optimism appears to me to have been the most cowardly and the

　　most damaging of

　　all forms of arrant untruthfulness.

　　truthful 真实的，说真话的 untruthful 爱说谎的，不真实的

　　to face reality 面对现实my family is well off/ honeyed.

　　第二段第一句：Truth, therefore, is an attitude of the mind.(观点更鲜明)

　　truth 说真话

　　an attitude of the mind 可替换为 a state of mind 精神状态

　　mental age 心理年龄 moral decay 道德败坏

　　第二句： is important, if one does not wish to inconvenience and to bore one's

　　friends, nottolt

　　tell lies.(进一步说明)

　　第三句：But it is more important not to think lies, or to slide into those

　　mechanical and

　　untruthful habits of thought which are so pleasant and so easy as descents

　　to mental

　　ineptitude.

　　think=imagine

　　slide into 滑进去，陷进去 mechanical 机械的

　　conscious 有意识的unconscious 无意识的

　　descent 产物，后代mental ineptitude 不动脑筋bar 单杠

　　第四句：The victorian habit of mind (which I consider to have been a bad habit

　　of mind) was

　　unduly preoccupied by what was socially and morally convenient.

　　the Victorian habit of mind 维多利亚时期人们的思维习惯

　　preoccupied 占领(满脑子都是)

　　unduly=improperly 不太恰当 convenient 有利的

　　socially and morally 对社会建设和道德建设 robbery n.抢夺，抢掠 stability 稳定

　　第五句：Convenience is, however, in all affairs of life, an execrable test of

　　value. One should

　　have the courage to think uncomfortably, since it is only by rejecting the

　　convenient that one

　　can come to think the truth.

　　in all affairs of life 在社会的各个方面test of value 对价值的衡量 execrable 恶劣的

　　第六句：One should have the courage to think uncomfortably, since it is only by

　　rejecting the

　　convenient that one can come to think the truth.

　　rejecting 抛弃掉

　　第三段：Not, after all, that there is any such thing as truth.(倒装句型)At best we

　　canapproach to some relative approximation. On the other hand, there is surely

　　such a thing asuntruth.(开始论述)One is generally aware when one has said something,

　　or acted in some waywhich has left on other people an impression not strictly in

　　accordance with the facts.

　　(第二个论点)One is generally aware, also. when one has thrust aside an

　　inconvenientthought and slid into its place another thought which is convenient.

　　One's awareness in theformer case is in general more acute than in the latter,

　　since we are more on the look-out forthe lies we utter than for those we merely

　　think. In fact, however, it is the untruthful thoughtwhich is the more vicious

　　of the two. Spoken lies are invariably tiresome and may actually bedishonest.

　　But continuous lying

　　in the mind, a disease to which the Anglo-Saxon is peculiarly exposed,

　　spells the destructionof human thought and character.

　　after all 毕竟，归根到底

　　at best 充其量approach=get close to 没有绝对，只有相对而言。

　　on the other hand 另一方面前面对应词组：on the one hand

　　aware=clearin some way 以某种方式

　　leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象

　　left on other people an impression 介词短语提前，因为 impression 后有定语，避免歧义

　　in accordance with 与……一致

　　elegance n.高雅，典雅thrust aside=reject

　　slide into 滑到

　　acute 敏锐utter=tell

　　vicious 危害严重的 disease lying in the mind

　　be exposed to 暴露在……下spells=bring about 带来，招致

　　biographer 传记作者 diplomat 外交家

　　Henry Moore

　　Faulkner

　　Russell

　　Bacon

　　Hemingway

　　Gissing

　　O.Henry

　　Gilbert

　　Jack London

　　Maugham

　　stream of consciousness 意识流

　　loose in struture 结构松散

　　Faulkner

　　a film maker

　　Pulitzer prize

　　Quotations of Chairman Mao

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