逐句精讲新概念三: 第38课 最早的日历

2016-08-16 19:02:27来源:网络
  6.But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.

  但是,历史学家企图重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务。

  语言点1:句子结构分析: attempting to reconstruct the distant past为现在分词短语,作后置定语,修饰historian。

  语言点2:be faced with的意思是“面对”,相当于be confronted with。

  7.He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.

  他们必须根据现有的不充分的线索进行推理。

  语言点:句子结构分析:what引导宾语从句,说明deduce的内容。

  8.Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.

  即使看起来微不足道的遗物,也可能揭示人类早期历史的一些有趣的内容。

  语言点1:句子结构分析:shed的本意是“使…流出”,在本句中引申为“揭示”,相当于reveal。

  语言点2:shed light on的意思是“揭示…方面的事情,把…弄清楚”。

  9.Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons.

  历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的,因为当时人们面临着了解四季的实际需要。

  语言点1:句子结构分析:up to now放在句首,后面谓语的时态一定是现在完成时,这是约定俗成的语法要求。That引导宾语从句,交代assumed的内容。For引导原因状语从句,说明历史学家为什么会这么认为。

  语言点2:come into being是固定搭配,意为“产生,出现”。

  10. Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.

  但近期科学研究发现,好像这种假设是不正确的。

  语言点1:句子结构分析:that引导宾语从句,交代indicate的内容。

  语言点2:indicate的本意是“指出”,在此引申为“发现”。

  11. Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusk of mammoths.

  长期以来,历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。

  语言点1:句子结构分析:这句话的核心结构是sb.be puzzled by sth.(某人对某事感到困惑不解)。Which引导定语从句,修饰dots,lines and symbols。

  语言点2:engrave on的意思是“在…上雕刻”。

  12. The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age, which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C.

  这些痕迹是游牧人留下的,他们生活在从公元前约35,000年到公元前10,000年的冰川期的末期,以狩猎、捕鱼为生。

  语言点1:句子结构分析:who引导定语从句,修饰nomads。Which引导定语从句,修饰the last Ice Age。

  语言点2:lived by hunting and fishing的意思是“靠狩猎和捕鱼为生”。

  13.By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code.

  历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究,终于弄懂了这种费解的代码。

  语言点1:句子结构分析:by引导方式状语,指“通过…方式”,其中的made in various parts of the world是过去分词短语,作markings的后置定语。

  语言点2:have been able to read不可理解为“已经能够读了”,read在此引申为“弄懂”。

  14.They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon.

  他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮圆缺有关。

  语言点1:句子结构分析:that引导宾语从句,交代have found的内容;这个宾语从句中的and连接两个并列的宾语。

  语言点2:sth.be connected with sth.的意思是“某物与某物之间存在联系”。

  15.It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar.

  事实上是一种最原始的日历。

  语言点:句子结构分析:in fact不仅是插入语,还起强调作用。It指上文中所说的code(代码)。

  16.It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression.

  大家早就知道,画在墙上的狩猎图景并不是单纯的艺术表现形式。

  语言点1:句子结构分析:It has long been known that…是一个固定句式,表示“大家早就知道…”,it充当形式主语,that引导的内容才是真正的主语。

  语言点2:depicted on walls为过去分词短语,作hunting scenes的后置定语。

  语言点3:be not simply a form of的意思是“并不是一种简单的…形式”。

  17.They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing.

  它们有着一定的含义,因为它们已接近古代人的文字形式。

  语言点1:句子结构分析:for引导原因状语从句,交代“有含义”的理由。

  语言点2:they指代上文中所说the hunting scenes depicted on walls。

  18.It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them.

  有时,这种图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存,它们之间可能有一定的联系。

  语言点:句子结构分析:第一个that引导的部分是真正的主语,it是形式主语,第二个that引导定语从句,修饰markings.

  19.It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.

  看来人类早就致力于探索四季变迁了,比人们想像的要早20,000年。

  语言点:句子结构分析:that引导表语从句;在这个从句中,than引导定语从句,在该定语从句中,than作主语,这是定语从句中的特别现象。

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