新概念第二册课文翻译及学习笔记:Lesson94

2015-02-11 09:52:47来源:网络

  【知识点讲解】

  1. Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. 实验证明,儿童在很小的时候就可以开始学习游泳。

  1)Instruct vt.教授 ; 命令

  instruct sb. in english教某人英语

  Instruct sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事

  He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。

  teach最普通用词,含义广泛。指直接教某人知识或技能等,侧重传播知识和帮助应用知识。

  instruct与teach含义很接近,但语体较正式。指系统、详细、精心地传播知识,侧重教授与指示。

  2)at a very early age 这是一个固定的搭配,“ 在很小的时候”。年龄的表达还有很多种形式,例如:“他20岁”

  He is twenty.

  He is twenty years old.

  He is a twenty-year-old man.

  He is aged twenty. (age可用作动词)

  He is at age twenty.

  He is at the age of twenty.

  He is twenty years of age.

  表示“在某人几十多岁”,用“in one's +基数词复数形式”,例如:

  他七十多岁。He is in his seventies.(从70岁到79岁之间)

  她五十多岁。She is in her fifties.(从50岁到59岁之间)

  2. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. 在洛杉矶的一个特设的游泳池里,孩子们甚至在还没有学会走路时就已经能熟练地在水下屏住呼吸了。

  句型: before 引导时间状语从句,译为“在…之前…”。

  1)expert表示“熟练者”、“专家”, 后面通常跟at/in/on sth/doing sth.结构

  He was an expert in reproducing of ancient pictures.

  他是一个临摹古画的能手

  The scientist is an expert in the field of Biochemistry.

  这位科学家是生化学领域中的专家

  2)hold one's breath 为固定短语,表示“屏住呼吸”:

  Hold your breath for a few seconds.

  屏息几秒钟。

  out of breath:上气不接下气

  She was out of breath from climbing the stairs.

  爬楼梯使她上气不接下气的。

  waste one's breath;白费口舌

  Don't waste your breath on him.

  不要对他白费唇舌。

  in one breath:片刻

  Several students made the request in one breath.

  好几个学生同时提出这个要求。

  3. It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. 他们很快便适应了游泳,以致能捡起池底的物品。

  1)句型:It is not long before… “不久…”“很快…”

  It will not be a long time before we finish this dictionary.

  我们用不了多长时间就能把这部词典编完。

  so…that…引导结果状语从句的从属连词

  He was so angry that he couldn’t speak.

  他气得话都说不出来。

  2)be accustomed to(=be used to doing) 表示“习惯于”、“适应…”,后面通常跟名词或动名词:

  I'm accustomed to cold weather.

  我习惯了冷天气。

  accustom oneself to sth./doing sth. …“使自己养成...的习惯”,“使自己适应…”

  She found it necessary to accustom herself to getting up early.

  她发现让自己养成早起的习惯是很必要的。

  4. A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. 这些幼小的游泳运动员非常喜爱的一种游戏是水下三轮车比赛。

  句型: that 引导定语从句(that is very popular with these young swimmers)修饰 a game。

  1)be popular with(among)“ 受…的欢迎”,“为…所喜爱”

  Mary is popular with / among children.

  玛丽受孩子们的欢迎。

  2) tricycle = tri+ cycle 三轮车

  常见的拉丁数字前缀:

  One – uni – unique 独特的(唯一); uniform 制服

  Two – bi/du- bicycle自行车(两个轮子);bilingual 双语的; dual 二重的

  Three- tri- triangle 三角形

  Four - quadr/quart - quadruple 四倍

  Five – quint- quintuple 五倍;quincentenary 五百周年纪念的

  Six - sex- sexangle 六边形; sextet 六重奏

  Seven - sept- septangle 七边形 ;septennial 七年一度的

  Eight - octa- octopus 章鱼(章鱼有八条腿); octapod 章鱼类生物

  Nine - non- nonagon 九边形 ;nonet 九重奏; nonuple 九倍

  Ten - deci- decimalism 十进制; decimeter 十米

  Half - semi- simicircle 半圆 ;semicolonial 半殖民地

  Many - multi- multitude 多数,大量;multimedia 多媒体

  Hundred - cent- century 世纪; centigrade 度

  5. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. 他们将来是否能成为奥林匹克的冠军,这只能由时间来作出回答。

  1)Whether 引导的从句,是tell 宾语,正常语序为“only time will tell whether they …”

  宾语从句置于句首,表示强调。通常,以疑问词引导的宾语从句会用于这种句型:

  Whether she will come or not , no one knows.

  她是否会来,没有人知道。

  2)whether 和 if的区别

  (1)whether 和 if 在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用:

  I don't care whether/if it will rain or not.

  (2)当后面跟 or not 时,只能用whether.

  I don't care whether or not it will rain.

  (3)宾语从句放置句首是,用 whether ,不用if

  Whether it is true or not, I can't say.

  这个是真是假,我无法断言

  (4)在介词后引导宾语从句时,用whether:

  It all depends on whether they will support us.

  这完全取决于他们是否支持我们

  (5)用if 会引起歧义的时,用whether:

  please let me know if you want come.

  请通知我你是否想来/如果你想来请通知我们(歧义)

  Please let me know whether you want to come.

  请通知我你是否想来

  (6)其它几种只用whether的情况:引导表语从句、同位语从句和让步状语从句;引导主语从句置于句首时(例3);后接动词不定式时。


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