新概念英语第二册语法之短语(第33课)

2013-08-14 15:46:38来源:新东方网

Key structures

  表示方向和目的地的介词和副词

  ① 表示“上、下”的两对小品词是on和off,up和down

  Jim’s standing on the roof. I hope he won’t fall off.

  Tom’s climbing up the tree. I hope he won’t fall down.

  ② 表示“来、去”的一对小品词是from和to;towards(强调越来越近)的意义和to(强调目标)相近,表示“朝,向,接近”等;for在有些动词后面也表示“往,向”的意思

  The ball was coming towards me.

  The plane flies from Moscow to New York.

  He went for home.

  leave for… 动身到某地(强调离开,出发)

  Yesterday my father left for Tianjin.

  set out for… 动身到某地

  He left/ set out for New York yesterday.

  head for/to 前往 (强调“去”)

  ③ 表示“进去,出来”这两种方向的介词为into(进、入)和out of(从...出来);表示“在某个地方”或“在……里面/外面”可用at(含有一种瞄准的概念,方向性),in,out of等;表示目的地或位置往往用at

  aim at,fire at(瞄准开火),throw at,threw to the bank

  Tell him go into my house.

  Did you stop anywhere on your way to the office?

  去办公室的路上你在别的地方逗留过吗?

  ④ 表示“穿过,越过,绕过”等动词时,往往用through,across,under,over,round等介词

  How did you get through the fence? 你怎么穿过篱笆的?

  How did you get over the wall?

  【Special difficulties

  Pass and Past

  pass和past的区别主要是词义上的区别,pass是动词,其过去式为passed,过去分词是passed或past。当作及物动词用时,可表示“经过,通过(考试),超过”等,作不及物动词用时可表示“(时间等)消逝”。

  Your sister passed me in her new car, driving great speed.

  I’ve passed/past my French test.

  A month has passed/past since I left home.

  past可以作形容词、介词、名词等,作形容词时表示“以前的,过去的”等;作介词时表示“经过,超出(范围等)”;作名词时表示“过去,昔时,往事”等。

  Frank is proud of his past experience.

  I go past the garden.

  Can you tell me something about your past?

  Next and Other

  next表示时间顺序上“紧接的,下一个”,如果以现在为基准,则next前一般不加the;如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准,则next前面要加the或其他修饰词。

  next day 第二天

  Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn’t come to the party.

  第二天玛丽打来电话告诉我们她不能参加晚会了。

  the other day =a few days ago (几天前),

  Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London.

  前几天玛丽来电话告诉我们她已到达伦敦。

  the other day 出现一定是过去时;next day有可能是过去式, 有可能是将来式

  【Multiple choice questions

  4 She swam to the shore ___a___ the night in the water.

  a. having spent b. having spending c. when spending d. had spent

  只有谓语动词才有时态,句子中如果没有连词, 但有两个动词, 要把其中一个动词变成非谓语动词

  从语法上讲 a, c 都对

  用“when +doing”句型(when 是连词的标志)时主语要跟主句的相同,谓语动词含有be doing 结构 (两个条件必须满足)

  When standing there I found the book very interesting. (省略了I was)

  She swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

  5 How ___c___ was the shore? Eight miles.

  a. away far b. far from c. far away d. long

  far from +地点(必须加)

  对距离提问:

  How far away…? (away可省略)

  What's the distance…?

  6 That was all she remembered. She couldn't remember ___b___.

  a. some more b. anymore c. no more d. none more

  not any more = not any longer = not any further 不再

  no,none 不会和 more 连用, some不会出现在否定句中

  12 That was all she remembered. She couldn't ___c___ very much

  a. remind b. memorise c. recollect d. mind

  remind v. 提醒 ; memorise [] v. 记住 ;

  recollect [] v. 回忆 ; mind v. 介意

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