新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson31

2015-01-28 14:08:49来源：网络

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【课后题及答案解析】新概念英语第一册新概念英语第二册新概念英语第三册新概念英语第四册
【经验分享】学习新概念英语如何提升英语水平? 自学四大经典学习方法新概念学习方法及经验

　　为了方便同学们的学习，新东方在线新概念英语频道为大家整理了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!

　　【课文】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.

　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。

　　What do you have to be able to do to appreciate sculpture?

　　Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in three dimension. That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. Many more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind. The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. Later, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensonal distances. But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.

　　This is what the sculptor must do. He must strive continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness. He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head-he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like, he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight; he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air.

　　And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence. He must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape, quite apart from its significance as food, or from the literary idea that it will become a bird. And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone. From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms or combinations of several forms.

　　HENRY MOORE The Sculptor Speaks from The Listener

　　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】

　　auditory adj. 听觉的

　　colour-blind adj. 色盲的

　　perception n. 知觉

　　comprehend v. 理解

　　spatial adj. 空间

　　visualize v. 使具形象，设想

　　reminiscence n. 回忆，联想

　　tadpole n. 蝌蚪

　　mushroom n. 蘑菇

　　carrot n. 胡萝卜