新概念英语第三册课文+答案第53课：In the public interest

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课文原文

1.课文
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from highhanded or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public official like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law the altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.
A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his layers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.

2.翻译
斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。
是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“J.O.”，即“司法特派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位律师作他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。
一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载，司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。

课文精讲

(课文精讲根据顺序分析课文重点)

（Attention： The following points are not covered by the video. It is better for you to watch the video or listen to the MP3 first and try to take notes on your own. Then you may check here to get more details. ）

1, The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies.
admire sb. for "因为......而钦佩某人"
延伸词组：admire to do sth. 很想做某事
e.g. I admire to join the army.

2, Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers.
evolve 进化、引申出、推论，通常与from连用
e.g. They should evolve the truth from a mass of confused evidence. 他们要从大量庞杂的证据中推断事实。
protect...from... 使......不受

3, the Swedes commonly refer to him as "J.O." or "Ombudsman".
refer to sb./ sth. as 称某人（某物）为
refer to 还可以表示"谈到，提到；涉及，有关；查阅"之意。
e.g. I'll refer to this point again. 我还是提到这一点的。
e.g. The remark does not refer to you. 这句话不是指你说的。
e.g. He refered to me for information. 他向我打听消息。

4, The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure.
be suggest to 隶属的，受支配的；易受的......的，常遭......的；有待于......的，须经......的
e.g. We are subject to the law of the land. 我们受国家法律的管辖。
e.g. The treaty is subject to ratification. 本条约须经批准方可生效。

5, If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.
justified 证明......是正当的（或有理的），为......辨认
e.g. He justified himself for his conduct. 他为自己的行为辩护。
act on one's behalf/ on behalf of sb. 代表，为了......的利益

6, He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered.
连词that为动词suggest引导的一宾语从句。后面是虚拟语气。

7, The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted.
In question "有关的"（concerned）, in question 还可指"在考虑中，在讨论之中"
e.g. The problem is not in question. 这个问题不在考虑之中。
Lodge a complaint against 对......提出控诉、诉状

8, The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
Which 为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰practice。该从句中的might+have done (完成式结构) 表示对过去可能发生的事情的一种推测，为虚拟语气结构
If we caught the bus at 9:00 am, we might have arrived there. 如果我们赶上了早晨9:00的车，我们也许也已经到那儿了。
put an end to "结束，终止，消失"，短语中to 为介词，因此其后需用名词或代词
You must put an end to his foolish thought. 你们必须结束他这种愚蠢的想法。

单词学习

1、提示:n.名词、adj.形容词、vi.不及物动词、vt.及物动词、adv.副词、prep.介词、pron.代词、int.感叹词、num.数词、abbr.短语缩写
2、双击或选中某个单词可划词查字典，如下图：(手机端无法使用此功能)

3、单词列表：
evolve
v. 逐渐形成
high-handed
adj. 高压的，专横的
incompetent
adj. 不够格的，不称职的
over-zealously
adv. 过分热情地
safeguard
v. 保护
parliamentary
adj. 国会的
qalified
adj. 合格的
grievance
n. 不平，冤屈
Justiteombudsman
n. （瑞典的）司法特派员
ombudsman
n. （瑞典和英国的）司法特派员
secretive
adj. 保密的
correspondence
n. 来往信件
alter
v. 改变
accusation
n. 谴责，指控
ascertain
v. 查出，查明
prejudiced
adj. 有偏见的，不公平的
prompt
adj. 即时的

课后练习答案

1c 2d 3c 4b 5a 6c 7a 8a 9c 10a 11b 12b

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