新概念英语3笔记内容第53课

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　　●evolve v. 逐渐形成

　　●high-handed adj. 高压的，专横的

　　●incompetent adj. 不够格的，不称职的

　　●over-zealously adv. 过分热情地

　　●safeguard v. 保护

　　●parliamentary adj. 国会的

　　●qalified adj. 合格的

　　●grievance n. 不平，冤屈

　　●Justiteombudsman n. (瑞典的)司法特派员

　　●ombudsman n. (瑞典和英国的)司法特派员

　　●secretive adj. 保密的

　　●correspondence n. 来往信件

　　●alter v. 改变

　　●accusation n. 谴责，指控

　　●ascertain v. 查出，查明

　　●prejudiced adj. 有偏见的，不公平的

　　●prompt adj. 即时的

　　◆evolve v. 逐渐形成

　　vt. develop gradually

　　Eg: He has developed / evolved a new system for running the factory.

　　evolve a system for doing sth.

　　Man has evolved from the ape. 人类是从类人猿进化而来的。(演化)

　　evolve from

　　evolution 发展，演变

　　Eg: The evolution isn’t unexpected.

　　-ism / socialism / evolutionism 进化论

　　evolutionist 进化论者

　　evolutional 发展的， 进化的

　　resolve (L50) / resolve to do sth. 下定决心做某事

　　resolution / revolve

　　Eg: The earth is round, and every day and night it is revolving.

　　involve vt. 卷入，牵涉 / be involved in

　　Eg: He is involved in the case.

　　◆high-handed adj. 高压的，专横的

　　◆incompetent adj. 不够格的，不称职的

　　competent: having ability / qualification to do sth.

　　be competent to do sth.

　　be competent for sth.

　　qualified / fit

　　Eg: He is competent / qualified / fit for the job.

　　incompetent / unfit

　　competent: sufficient / enough adequate

　　Eg: He has a competent knowledge of French.

　　He is competent to teach the language.

　　competnece / qualification for / to

　　the competence for / to

　　Eg: He has the ability to do the job.

　　He has the capability / capacity of doing the job.

　　He has the competence to do / for the job.

　　qualification

　　◆over-zealously adv. 过分热情地

　　over- zealous / zealously

　　◆safeguard v. 保护

　　safequard: n. / vt. (书面用语，比较正式)

　　protect

　　Eg: We must safeguard our motherland.

　　We must safegiard our state territorial integrity.

　　Keeping clean is a safeguard against disease.

　　safeguard / guard 保安

　　Eg: We need several safeguards.

　　protect

　　safeguard / protect our eyes

　　◆parliamentary adj. 国会的

　　◆qalified adj. 合格的

　　◆grievance n. 不平，冤屈

　　grief

　　Eg: I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight because I have to comfort my friend in grief.

　　grieve: cause grief to

　　Eg: It grieves me to see him in such bad health.

　　L53-01 end 17’22”

　　L53-02 begin 17’18”

　　grieve for / about / over

　　grieve / in grief

　　grieve / it grieves me

　　◆Justiteombudsman n. (瑞典的)司法特派员

　　◆ombudsman n. (瑞典和英国的)司法特派员

　　◆secretive adj. 保密的

　　secritive letters

　　◆correspondence n. 来往信件

　　keep up correspondence 保持通信联系

　　keep in touch with sb. by writing letters

　　Eg: We keep up correspondence recently for several years.

　　by / through correspondence

　　by writing letters

　　correspondence school 函授学校

　　correspondence course 函授课程

　　correspondence: agreement / similarity 相似，一致

　　in correspondence with sb. 与......一致 / 保持通信联系

　　bring sth. into correspondence with sth.

　　Eg: We must bring your idea into correspondence with mine.

　　correspondent 通信员，通信者

　　◆◆◆alter v. 改变

　　alter / change

　　alter: change in character, appearance etc. partly

　　Eg: The shirt must be altered. It is too large.

　　change: 完全、彻底的变化

　　Eg: Great changes have taken place in our country.

　　He changed a lot after so many years of hard work, so I even can’t recognise him.

　　convert: 改变(态度上);变化

　　Eg: He converted to Buddhism.

　　The new house is converted from an old one.

　　transform: 形态或性质上发生变化，主要指物理能量上的转变，或电压的改变

　　Eg: We can transform one form of energy into another.

　　vary: 由于改变而使多样化

　　Eg: Customs vary with the times

　　turn

　　◆accusation n. 谴责，指控

　　◆ascertain v. 查出，查明

　　find out / get to know / make certain / make sure

　　Eg: Let us ascertain when we will hold the party.

　　读音：certain / ascertain

　　◆prejudiced adj. 有偏见的，不公平的

　　prejudice

　　Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见

　　◆prompt adj. 即时的

　　【Text】

　　Lesson 53 In the public interest 为了公众的利益

　　Listen to the tape then answer the question below.

　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。

　　What could not be reported in the official flees?

　　The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-

　　handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.

　　The Swedes were the first to recognize that public official like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law the altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.

　　A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his layers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.

　　【课文讲解】

　　for: because of

　　be admired for

　　Eg: He is admired by us for his humor.

　　worldwide

　　背熟： evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from..

　　evolve a system for doing sth.

　　protect / safeguard from

　　Eg: I can’t conceal my amusement. 我不能够掩饰我幸灾乐祸的心情。

　　Your excitement is beyond me. 你的激动的表现/心情是我难以理解的。

　　evolve an excellent system for doing sth.

　　has worked so well: workable

　　adopt / adapt

　　L53-02 end 17’18”

　　L53-03 begin 16’24”

　　adopt 采纳

　　adapt 改编，以适应(指修改或改变以适应新条件)

　　unsuitable mistakes

　　were the first / secone / last / only to do sth.

　　public officials: public officers

　　in the belief that: believe in

　　Eg: He turned to me for help because he believed that I could help him.

　　He turned to me for help in the believe that I could lend him a hand.

　　He turned to me for help believing that I could lend him a hand.

　　in the hope: hoping

　　in the thought: thinking

　　Eg: We come here in the hope that we will learn English well.

　　We come here hoping to learn English well.

　　Judges, however wise or eminent, are mortak and can make mistakes.

　　as long ago as 1809: dating back to 1809

　　date back to / date from

　　introduce : bring in 引入

　　Eg: He introduced science to the game boxing.

　　He brought science into the game boxing.

　　scheme 制度

　　Eg: Sometimes, you need to find a right place to put your latest addition.

　　represent

　　Eg: The statue represented a goddess.

　　A monitor representing his classmates.

　　be qualified to do sth. / be competent to do sth.

　　refer to sb. as 把某人称之为......

　　背熟：The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure.

　　be subject to sth. 易受......的影响 (to 介词); 隶属于

　　Eg: He is subject to cold during winter.

　　be likely to do (不定式to)

　　Eg: He is likely to catch cold during winter.

　　be prone to

　　Eg: He is prone to flu during winter.

　　be liable to do

　　隶属于

　　Eg: Your plan is subject to my approval.

　　We have a good plan, but the plan must be subject to our teacher’s approval.

　　背熟：He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.

　　complaints large and small 形容词短语做定语，放在被修饰词之后

　　grievances

　　Eg: A great many students, boy and girl, went to the party yesterday.

　　Many people, old and yound, visit the shop.

　　L53-03 end 16’24”

　　L53-04 begin 17’18”

　　be made in writing: be written down

　　an average of 平均

　　I work for 8 hours every day.

　　I work for an average of 8 hours a day.

　　We have got 15 students in each class.

　　each 二个的平均

　　every 三个以上的平均

　　Eg: We have got an average of 15 students in each / every class.

　　in detail / in details

　　justified: justice

　　on his behalf: in his interest

　　vary / varied / various

　　名词前加定冠词the表示“这一类”时，名词就不要加表示复数的-s, 否则则表示这部分。

　　Eg: The refrigerators are useful during hot summer. (错)

　　The refrigerator is useful during hot summer.

　　Refrigerators are useful during hot summer.

　　A refrigerator is useful during hot summer.

　　nature: character

　　a law (should) be altered

　　suggest to sb.

　　背熟：The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.

　　The following case is a typical example of it you can judge by yourself.

　　Paragraph 3:

　　A foreigner living in a Swedish village: A foreigner who is living in a Swedish village.

　　A foreigner wrote a letter to the Ombudsman complaining...

　　The editor sent a fax instructing the journalist to get statistics.

　　simply because: only because / just because

　　accuse sb. of doing sth.

　　the matter: the case

　　背熟：The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.

　　ascertain that / sth.

　　made sure that / made certain that

　　dealt roughly with: ill-treated

　　be prejudiced against sb. / sth.

　　Eg: If you are prejudiced against sth. , you must take objection to it.

　　find this out: to discover it

　　check the facts: verify the facts

　　It is only possible for us to learn the language well if we study hard.

　　representative / represent

　　a committee representing all political parties

　　lawyer assistants

　　in question: 当事的，所涉及的

　　practice: what the policeman did / the way that he treated with foreigners

　　put an end to

　　stop

　　prevent

　　You prevent me from doing the work

　　背熟：The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.

　　which might have gone unnoticed: which might have gone without being noticed

　　Eg: If they had had only one more child, they would have lived in obscurity unnoticed.

　　L53-04 end 17’18” Lesson53 end 1:08:04

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