新概念英语第四册重点： Royal espionage

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　　9-1. Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.

　　【译文】阿尔弗雷德大帝曾亲自充当间谍。他乔装吟游歌手进入丹麦军队营地侦察。

　　【讲解】Alfred the Great，阿尔弗雷德大帝，古英国国王，22岁登基，为抵抗入侵的丹麦人，先后与丹麦军交战6年未能取胜，后潜匿于阿森尔尼岛，终于打败丹麦军。visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel作方式状语，修饰acted。disguised as a minstrel作方式状语，修饰visiting。

　　【单词和短语】

　　disguise:假扮，化装(to change someone’s appearance so that people cannot recognize them)，

　　例如：

　　She disguised herself as a man with a false beard.

　　她戴上假须女扮男装。

　　9-2. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.

　　【译文】当时，浪迹四方的吟游歌手到处受欢迎。

　　【讲解】wandering minstrels，浪迹四方的吟游歌手。中世纪时期，欧洲云游四方的歌手一般都身带竖琴，自弹自唱，传颂古代的历史传说。

　　【单词和短语】

　　wandering：漫游的;闲逛的;流浪的(one uses wandering to describe a person who moves from place to place and has no permanent home)。

　　minstrel：(中世纪的)吟游歌手(a singer or musician in the Middle Ages)。

　　9-3. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport.

　　【译文】他们不是参战人员，他们的竖琴就是通行证。

　　9-4. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.

　　【译文】阿尔弗雷德年轻时学过许多吟游歌手的歌曲，并能穿插表演一些杂技和小魔术使自己的节目多样化。

　　【讲解】their指吟游歌手的。

　　【单词和短语】

　　acrobatic：杂技的(acrobatic movements involve moving your body in a very skillful way, for example by jumping through the air or balancing on a rope)，另掌握acrobatics(杂技)和acrobat(杂技演员)。

　　9-5. While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.

　　【译文】阿尔弗雷德人数不多的军队开始在阿塞尔纳慢慢集结时，大帝亲自潜入丹麦侵略军司令官古瑟罗姆的营地。

　　【讲解】the king himself指Alfred the Great。Guthrum是入侵英国的丹麦军首领。公元878年5月，被阿尔弗雷德大帝战败，改奉基督教，并认阿尔弗雷德大帝为教父。

　　【单词和短语】

　　penetrate：深入;进入;打入(to succeed in becoming accepted into a group or an organization, sometimes in order to find out their secrets)，

　　例如：

　　penetratethe territory of enemies渗入敌人领土

　　penetratean enemy organization打入敌人组织

　　penetrate的名词形式为penetration。

　　9-6. These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.

　　【译文】丹麦侵略军已在切本哈姆扎营准备过冬，阿尔弗雷德便来到此地。

　　【讲解】these指the Danish invaders。

　　【单词和短语】

　　thither：到那儿，向那儿(in that direction)，

　　例如：

　　How the print of a foot came thither, I knew not, nor could in the last imagine.

　　那脚印是怎么留在那儿的，我既不知道，也丝毫猜不出。

　　9-7. He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual.

　　【译文】他立刻发现丹麦侵略军纪律松懈：丹麦人以征服者自居，安全措施松弛。

　　【讲解】slack后的冒号引出说明解释性内容。

　　【单词和短语】

　　slack：懈怠的，松懈的;疏忽的;马虎的(not taking enough care or making enough effort to do things correctly)，

　　例如：

　　slack supervision 监督不严

　　Security’s got a bit slack. 安全问题有些放松。

　　9-8. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions.

　　【译文】他们靠袭击附近地区、掠夺财物过着舒适的生活。

　　【讲解】句中的第一个on与live搭配使用，live on…意为“靠……生活”。因为well与on…regions并列作状语，所以用逗号隔开。句中的第二个on是与raid搭配在一起的，意为“袭击”。

　　【单词和短语】

　　proceeds：(从事某种活动或变卖财物等的)收入，收益(the money that is obtained from doing something or selling something)，

　　例如：

　　The proceeds from the school play will be used to buy a new curtain.

　　学校演剧的收入将用于购买一幅新的舞台幕布。

　　They are reaping proceeds when the cattle are sold.

　　卖了那些牲口他们就可以获得收益了。

　　9-9. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.

　　【译文】这些入侵者在那里不但搜刮吃喝，而且掳掠妇女，这种安逸的生活令他们萎靡不振。

　　【讲解】句中as well as的侧重点在它前面的women。在用“不但……而且……”或“……还……”翻译as well as时，因为汉语的侧重点是在后面的“而且”、“还”，而作in addition to解的as well as的重点则在它前面的词语，所以汉译时必须颠倒原文as well as连接的前后词语的次序。

　　【单词和短语】

　　soft：轻松的;舒服的，舒适的(not very brave and not having a strong character)。

　　9-10. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney.

　　【译文】阿尔弗雷德在敌营呆了一周后回到了阿塞尔纳。

　　9-11. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde.

　　【译文】他集结在那里的军队和丹麦大军相比微不足道。

　　【讲解】there assembled是过去分词短语，作the force的定语，there指Athelney。compared with the Danish horde作状语，修饰was trivial。

　　【单词和短语】

　　trivial：琐碎的;不重要的，无价值的(not serious, important, or valuable)，

　　例如：

　　trivial matters 琐事

　　a trivial offence 小过失

　　trivial formalities 繁文缛节

　　put the trivial above the important 本末倒置

　　consider sth. trivial 认为某事无关紧要

　　raise trivial objections 提出无关紧要的反对

　　trivial的名词形式为triviality。

　　9-12. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.

　　【译文】然而，阿尔弗雷德推断出丹麦人已不再适合持久战：他们的军需供应处于无组织状态，仅是靠临时抢夺来维持。

　　【讲解】and that their commissariat…irregular raids作deduced的宾语。同时对the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle进一步解说，所以battle后有冒号。depended前的but意为“仅仅，只有”。

　　【单词和短语】

　　irregular：不规则的，无规律的;不合常规的;不稳定的(not happening at times that are an equal distance from each other)，

　　例如：

　　an irregular pattern 不规则轨迹

　　an irregular heartbeat 不齐的心律

　　be irregular in one’s attendance 不时缺席

　　9-13. So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.

　　【译文】因此，面对丹麦人的进攻，阿尔弗雷德没有贸然同敌人正面开战，而是采用骚扰敌人。

　　【讲解】faced with the Danish advance作时间状语，修饰risk和harried。

　　【单词和短语】

　　harry:(时常)袭击;掠夺;抢劫;蹂躏(to keep attacking an enemy)。

　　9-14. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him.

　　【译文】他一直在运动中，牵着敌人在后面跟着跑。

　　【讲解】drawing the Danes after him作结果状语，修饰was constantly on the move。

　　9-15. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army.

　　【译文】他派出巡逻队阻止敌人抢劫：因而饥饿侵袭着丹麦军队。

　　【讲解】parties后的冒号引出说明语，表结果。

　　【单词和短语】

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