新概念英语第三册语法解析：虚拟语气

2015-05-07 11:23:05来源：网络

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　　虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望，与事实相反的假设，通常分为基本的三种形式。

　　1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：

　　If + did / were + ..., ... would/ should/ could/ might + do (动词原形)

　　If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)

　　If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)

　　2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：

　　If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...

　　If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you. (I didn't know your telephone number.)

　　If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her. (You didn't come here earlier.)

　　3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：

　　(1) If + should + v., ... would + v. (可能性很小)(译作“万一”)

　　If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.

　　If I should fail, what should Ido?

　　(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v. (完全不可能)

　　If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.

　　If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.

　　4. 金牌特殊重点

　　[简单联想记忆]：

　　● 下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should + 动词原形，shoud在美国英语中要省略(TOEFL语法考点)。此类常见的动词有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建议), insist(坚决要求), advise, etc.

　　He suggested that we (should) help them with English.

　　The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.

　　● 下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“should + 动词原形”(should可省去)的虚拟。此类常见的名词有：suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.

　　He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.

　　I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.

　　● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主语+ should + v.

　　It is strange that you should say such a thing.

　　It was important that you should tell me all the information.

　　● wish后的宾语从句中，as if 后的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式：

　　主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were(指现在)

　　had done(指过去)

　　would+ v.(指将来)