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新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson13

2015-01-23 11:46:16来源：网络

　　为了方便同学们的学习，新东方在线新概念英语频道为大家整理了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!

　　【课文】

　　First listen and then answer the following question.

　　听录音，然后回答以下问题。

　　What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?

　　The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet. But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.

　　The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either from gas or water, is pushing it. This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.

　　T.F.GASKELL The Search for the Earth's Minerals from Discovery

　　【New words and expressions 生词和短语】

　　mineral adj. 矿物的

　　boring n. 钻孔

　　derrick n. 井架

　　block and tackle 滑轮组

　　haul v. 拖，拉

　　rotate v. 使转动

　　cutting bit 钻头

　　geologist n. 地质学家

　　coring bit 取芯钻头

　　cylinder n. 圆柱体

　　strata n. 岩层[复]([单]stratum或strata [误用])

　　circulate v. 注入，环流

　　gusher n. 喷油井

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