新概念英语第三册语法精华之虚拟语气

2013-08-14 16:32:03来源：新东方网

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新概念英语第三册语法：虚拟语气

虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望，与事实相反的假设，通常分为基本的三种形式。

　　1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：

　　If + did / were + ..., ... would

　　should

　　could + do (动词原形)

　　might

　　If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)

　　If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)

　　2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：

　　If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...

　　If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.

　　(I didn't know your telephone number.)

　　If you had come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.

　　(You didn't come here earlier.)

　　3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：

　　(1) If + should + v., ... would + v.

　　(可能性很小)(译作“万一”)

　　If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.

　　If I should fail, what should Ido?

　　(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v.

　　(完全不可能)

　　If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.

　　If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.

　　4. 金牌特殊重点：!!

　　[简单联想记忆]：

　　● 下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should + 动词原形，shoud在美国英语中要省略(TOEFL语法考点)。此类常见的动词有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建议)insist(坚决要求)，advise, etc.

　　例句：He suggested that we (should) help them with English.

　　The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.

　　● 下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“should + 动词原形”(should可省去)的虚拟。

　　suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.

　　He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.

　　I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.

　　 ● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主语+ should + v.

　　It is strange that you should say such a thing.

　　It was important that you should tell me all the information.

　　● wish后的宾语从句中，as if 后的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式：

　　主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were(指现在)

　　haddone(指过去)

　　would+ v.(指将来)

　　Iwishthat I met my uncle now.

　　IwishI had met my uncle yesterday.

　　IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow.

　　● It is (high) time that ... + did / were ...

　　It is time that you went to bed.

　　● would rather that ... + did / were ...

　　I would rather that you were not here now.

　　● would sooner that ... + did / were ...

　　I would sooner that you got up earlier.

　　I would sooner that you were not my brother.

　　测试精编

　　I. 选择正确选项：

　　1. I ________ he had taught me the word, but he didn't.

　　A. believe B. hope C. wish D. think

　　2. The man in charge recommends that this matter ________ at the meeting. A. would be discussed B. will be discussed C. be discussed D. may be discussed

　　3. It is raining now, otherwise we ________ go out play.

　　A. could B. can C. may D. will

　　4. ________ he come late, give him the message.

　　A. Had B. Should C. Would D. Did

　　5. Hadn't my car broke down, I ________ the train.

　　A. would have caught B. might catch C. could catch D. would catch

　　6. I would have helped him if I had time, but I ________.

　　A. haven't B. had C. didn't D. wouldn't

　　7. The dam was built in time to protect the inhabitants from the flood; ________.

　　A. otherwise the damage would be beyond measure.

　　B. the damage, otherwise, should be very great.

　　C. the damage could have been very serious otherwise.