初中英语语法内容:组常用易混副词的用法辨析

2024-10-30 10:24:00来源:网络

  初中英语语法,是初中英语中一个重要的板块。熟练的掌握这些语法知识,对于我们英语能力的整体提高,会有更好的帮助。那么具体的初中英语语法知识都包含了哪些呢?下面小编为大家整理了“初中英语语法内容:组常用易混副词的用法辨析”,供大家进行参考学习。

  副词是表示行为特征的词,主要用来修饰动词,也可用来修饰形容词、副词、介词短语以及句子,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问等。

  07-7 12组常用易混副词的用法辨析

  1.ago和before

  ago 表示“……以前”,是指以现在的时间为起点的“以前”,通常用于一般过去时;before 表示“……以前”,指以过去的时间为起点的以前,还可以单独使用表示“以前”,常用于完成时态。如:

  He arrived here two hours ago .他是两小时前到达的这儿。

  He said that he had seen her two days before .他说他两天前见到过她。

  I have never been there before .我以前从未去过那里。

  注意:

  before还可用作连词和介词表示“在……以前”,而ago只用作副词不能用作连词和介词。

  2.almost和nearly

  almost 和nearly 都表示“几乎、差不多”,其用法区别是:

  (1)almost 可以和no,never,none,nothing,nobody等表示否定意义的词连用,而nearly 不能和这些词连用。如:

  The speaker said almost nothing worth listening.演讲者几乎没讲出什么值得听的东西。

  (2)almost 可用在more than,too之前,nearly 不能。如:

  That's almost too much.那简直太过分了。

  (3)nearly 可以和not连用,not nearly 是“远不如”的意思,而almost 不与not单独使用。如:The money will not be nearly enough for my journey.这钱远不够我旅行用。

  (4)当表示“接近”或“就要到了”时,用nearly ;而表达“不足”或“尚差一点儿”时用almost 。如:The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.那球重重地打在他身上,他几乎就要掉下水去。

  Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true.寻找丢失的金银财宝的梦想几乎实现了。

  注意:

  一般来说,almost和nearly有时候可以通用,但almost的差距要比nearly小,如果说再有五分钟就吃午饭了,可说:It's almost lunch time.马上就开午饭了。如果说距离吃午饭时间还有十五分钟,就应当说:It's nearly lunch time.快到午饭时间了。

  3.aloud,loud和loudly

  ■aloud 表示“高声地、大声地”,常与read,think等词连用,指这些动作发出的声音,具有使人能听得到的意味,总位于动词的后面。aloud 无比较级和最高级形式,也不用程度副词修饰。如:Please read this passage aloud .请大声朗读这篇文章。

  ■loud 表示“大声地、响亮地、高声地”,常与talk,speak,shout,laugh,sing等词连用,指谈、笑、说、叫、唱或哭的嗓门高、声音大,在句子中多用比较级形式。如。I can't hear you.Please speak a little louder .我听不见你说的话。请大点声说。

  ■loudly 表示“大声地、高声地”,多含有喧闹之意,往往有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:Don't talk so loudly .I'm listening to a story.别大声吵嚷了。我在听讲故事。

  4.already和yet

  already 和yet 通常用于现在完成时态。already 用于肯定句,置于实义动词前,助动词后,表示“已经”,yet 用于疑问句和否定句,通常置于句末;yet 在疑问句中意为“已经”,在否定句中意为“还”。如:

  He has already come back.他已经回来了。

  Have you finished your homework yet ?你已经完成作业了吗?

  I haven't finished my homework yet .我还没有完成作业。

  注意:

  ①already有时也用于过去时态,但谓语动词须是延续性动词。如:

  He was already in the room when I arrived.当我到达的时候他已经在房间里了。

  ②already有时用于疑问句中,但往往含有惊讶、惊奇的意味。如:

  It's only ten o'clock.Is he back already?才十点钟,他已经回来了?

  Have you eaten your dinner already?你已经吃饭了吗?

  ③not yet意思是“还没有”,常用于口语中,可直接回答完成时态的一般疑问句。如:

  — Have you taken your medicine?你吃药了吗?

  — Not yet.还没有。

  5.also,too,either和as well

  ■also 表示“也”,在用法上比too正式,多用于书面语或正式的场合,口语中用得较少,一般只用于肯定句,在句中位于be、助动词、情态动词的后面,行为动词的前面,而不放在句子末尾。有时候also 也可放在否定的陈述句中,但不能放在否定词的后面。如:

  He can speak English and he can also speak French.他会说英语,也会说法语。

  He did not know about it and I also did not know about it.他不知道那件事,我也不知道。

  ■too 表示“也”,常用于口语,通常用于肯定句中,也可用于一般疑问句,too 通常置于句末,其前用逗号与句子隔开,其后用句号;有时也可插入句子中间,这时too 前后都要用逗号。如:If you buy a car,you'll need a parking place,too .如果你买辆车,你还将需要一个停车场地。I,too,have been to the Great Wall.我也去过长城。

  ■either 只能用于否定句,表示“也不”,放在句末,其前用逗号,其后用句号。如:

  Tom hasn't been to Beijing.I haven't been there,either .汤姆没去过北京,我也没去过那里。

  ■as well 表示“也、还”,通常用于肯定句,多用于口语,只用在句末,其前不能用逗号隔开。如:She can speak Chinese quite well and she can speak Japanese as well .她汉语说得很好,且她还会说日语。

  6.before long和long before

  ■before long 意思是“不久,很快,不久以后”,相当于soon,表示某事发生相隔的时间不长。多用于将来时或过去时态。如:

  I hope to hear from you before long .我希望不久就能收到你的来信。

  I think the shoes will fit me quite well before long .我想那双鞋很快就会适合我的。

  ■long before 意思是“很久以前,长时间以前”,表示过去,多与过去时态连用。如:

  He said he had read the novel long before .他说他很久以前看过这篇小说。

  I saw this movie long before .我很久以前就看过这部电影。

  We heard of it long before .我们老早就听说过这件事情。

  7.especially,specially和particularly

  ■especially 表示“特别,格外,尤其”,指有意突出到明显或例外的程度,多用于正式文体,侧重某事物超过其他全部,突出到“特别地”程度。如:

  He has been especially busy this week.他这星期特别忙。

  I like the country especially in spring.我喜欢乡村,尤其在春天。

  ■specially 表示“特别地,专门地”,着重为达到某一目的而“专门地、特意地”去做某事,相当于on purpose。如:

  I specially came here to ask you a question.我是专门来问你一个问题的。

  I bought this computer specially for you.我特地为你买了这台电脑。

  ■particularly 表示“特别地”,用来指同类中特别突出的一个,强调独特性或与众不同,侧重于以不同的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处,常用来修饰形容词、副词或分词。如:He isn't particularly clever.他不是特别地聪明。

  8.much too和too much

  ■much too 表示“太……”,用来修饰形容词或副词,放在形容词或副词的前面。如:

  This problem is much too difficult.这道题太难了。

  ■too much 表示“太……”,用来修饰不可数名词,放在不可数名词的前面。如:

  I've got too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。

  9.no more,not any more,no longer和not any longer

  ■no more 表示“不再……,再也不……”时,一般位于句尾或句首。如:

  I see him no more .我再也见不到他了。

  注意:

  当涉及数量和程度时,要用no more或not ...any more。常用来修饰表示终止性的动词go,leave,buy等,表示某个动作或状态不再延续下去。如:

  We saw him no more=We didn't see him any more.我们再也没有看到他。

  ■not ...any more 表示“不再……”,用法与no more相同,但在句中的位置不同,not通常与助动词一起构成否定式,any more独立于句末。如:

  I won't go there any more.我不会再去那里了。

  ■no longer 表示“不再……,再也不……”时,一般位于实义动词之前,助动词或连系动词之后,或者位于句尾或句首。如:

  I see him no longer .我再也见不到他了。

  注意:

  ①not ...any longer表示“不再……”,用法与no longer相同,但在句中的位置不同,not通常与助动词一起构成否定式,any longer独立于句末。如:

  He doesn't work here any longer.他不再在这里工作了。

  The teacher doesn't live here any longer.那位老师不再住在这儿了。

  ②当谈到时间、距离,强调今昔对比时,要用no longer或not ...any longer。常用来修饰延续性动词,如live,stay,wait,work等。He is not young any longer.他不再年轻了。

  10.probably,perhaps,maybe和possibly

  ■probably 表示“大概、或许、很可能”,指某事的发生很有可能或十之八九,其语义较强,侧重有根据、合情合理地推测,表示可能性很大。如:

  It will probably be fine tomorrow.明天大概会是晴天。

  Most of us probably like pop music.我们大多数人或许喜欢流行音乐。

  They probably didn't try hard enough.他们很可能不够努力。

  The news was probably true.这消息很可能是真的。

  ■perhaps 表示的可能性较小,仅表示一种无根据的猜测。一般放在句首。如:

  Perhaps you would like to join us for lunch.也许您愿意和我们一块去吃午饭。

  ■maybe 意思是“也许、可能”,表示的可能性较大,而且比较口语化,常位于句首,表示疑惑,含有推测之意。如:

  — Will they come?他们会来吗?

  — Maybe not.可能不会来。

  Maybe she'll come this afternoon.她可能今天下午来。

  Maybe you put the letter in your pockets.大概你把信放在衣袋里了。

  ■possibly 强调客观存在的可能性,但表示的可能性小,常与may,can等词连用。如:

  You can't possibly walk 20 miles in an hour.你一小时不可能走二十英里。

  I will come as soon as I possibly can.我尽可能快点来。

  注意:

  ①probably在句子中的位置可以是句首、句中或句末;但在否定句中,probably不能紧跟在否定词之后。请看下面的例句:

  译:她大概不会来这里。

  正:Probably she won't come here.

  正:She probably won't come here.

  正:She won't come here probably.

  误:She won't probably come here.

  ②probably,perhaps,maybe按事情发生的可能性从大到小依次排列为:probably→perhaps→maybe→possibly。

  11.silently和quietly

  ■silently 意为“无声地、寂静地、静静地”,指某人所处的环境是无声音地,不发出声音地。如:The girl sat in the room silently .那个女孩坐在房间里一声不吭。

  ■quietly 意为“轻声地、悄声地、静静地”,指不发出很大的噪音,或发出的声音极小,以至于别人不易察觉或听不到。如:

  The boy spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear him.那男孩说的声音很小,我几乎听不见。

  12.sometime,sometimes,some time和some times

  ■sometime 是表示时间的副词,意为“某个时候、某天”,指某个不明确的时间,常用于将来时态或过去时态,如:

  We'll take our holiday sometime in August.我们将在八月份的某个时候休假。

  It happened sometime last month.这件事情发生在上个月的某个时候。

  ■sometimes 是表示频率的副词,意思是“有时、间或”,可用于句首、句中或句末,通常用于一般现在时态。如:Sometimes he goes to the cinema on Sunday.有时他星期天去看电影.

  ■some time 是名词短语,表示“一段时间、一些时间”,其中的time是不可数名词,常用于完成时、过去时和将来时。如:

  They have been in our school for some time .他们已在我们学校呆了一段时间了。

  It'll take some time to finish reading the novel.看完那本小说需要一段时间。

  ■some times 是名词短语,表示“几次、几倍”,其中的time是可数名词,意思是“次、倍”。如:I have been to Qingdao for some times .青岛我去过好几次了。

  【中考速递】

  1.[贵州铜仁中考考题] — His handwriting is very careful.

  — Yeah.With the help of him,his sister writes as _____ as him.

  A.care B.careful

  C.more carefully D.carefully

  2.[湖北荆州中考考题] — What do you think of your English teacher?

  — He is great.No one teaches _____ in our school.

  A.best B.better C.well D.good

  3.[江苏常州中考考题] The coach thinks _____ of Mary's sports talents,for she jumped very _____ at the sports meeting.

  A.high;high B.highly;highly

  C.high;highly D.highly;high

  4.[广西南宁中考考题] I have _____ finished my homework.I finished it an hour ago.

  A.yet B.already C.ever D.never

  5.[甘肃天水中考考题] In the reading class,the _____ you are,the _____ you can find answers in the passage.

  A.careful;easily B.more careful;more easily

  C.carefuler;easier D.more careful;easier

  【答案点拨】

  1.答案:D 句意:“他的书写很认真。”“是的,在他的帮助下,他妹妹和他写得一样认真。” as ...as中间用副词原级,故选D。

  2.答案:B 句意:“你觉得你的英语老师怎么样?”“他棒极了。在我们学校没有一个人教得比他更好。”由句意可知这里用副词的比较级,故选B。

  3.答案:D 句意:教练高度评价Mary的运动天赋,因为她在运动会上跳得很高。前者考查固定短语think highly of意为“高度评价”;后面考查用副词修饰动词作状语,修饰具体的“高”用high。故选D。

  4.答案:B 句意:我已经完成了作业。我是一个小时前完成的。肯定句中表示“已经”用already,故选B。

  5.答案:B 句意:在阅读课上,你越仔细,在短文中找到答案就越容易。表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级,the+比较级”句型;由第一空后的连系动词are可知此处用形容词careful;由第二空后的谓语动词find可知用副词easily,其比较级是more easily。故选B。

  【语法专练 体验中考】

  1.[四川巴中] — Has your sister finished reading _____?

  — Yes.She has _____ finished it.

  A.yet;yet B.yet;already C.already;yet

  2.[山东青岛] _____,we saw the sun rise on top of Mount Tai.

  A.Lucky B.Luckily C.Unlucky D.Unluckily

  3.[山东济宁] In order to pass the exam,you need to work much _____ now.

  A.hard B.harder C.hardest D.hardly

  4.[山东滨州] — Can you catch what I said?

  — Sorry,I can _____ understand it because you speak very quickly.

  A.almost B.probably C.mostly D.hardly

  5.[广西贺州] John speaks English as _____ as Mike.They are both good at English.

  A.good B.well C.better D.best

  6.[湖北黄冈] — How often do you have a school trip this term?

  — _____.Since several accidents happened to some schools,all the school outdoor activities have been asked to stop.

  A.Always B.Hardly ever C.Sometimes D.Often

  7.[北京考题] I jumped _____ than Bill in the sports meet last year.

  A.high B.higher C.highest D.the highest

  8.[湖北鄂州] — It rained _____ and lasted for a long time.

  — That's terrible.Even some streets were full of water.

  A.hardly B.strongly C.heavily D.lightly

  9.[广东考题] According to a recent survey,_____ three fifths of working mothers in China don't want to have a second child.

  A.mostly B.especially C.partly D.nearly

  【答案速递】

  1.B 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.D

  以上就是为大家整理的“初中英语语法基础知识:常用易混副词的用法辨析”,希望可以帮助大家更好地学习初中英语语法,更多内容敬请关注!


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