初中英语语法内容:疑问句

2024-10-25 10:24:00来源:网络

  初中英语语法,是初中英语中一个重要的板块。熟练的掌握这些语法知识,对于我们英语能力的整体提高,会有更好的帮助。那么具体的初中英语语法知识都包含了哪些呢?下面小编为大家整理了“初中英语语法内容:疑问句”,供大家进行参考学习。

  18-2 疑问句

  疑问句指提出问题,请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。疑问句按其结构可分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句、否定式疑问句五种。

  1.一般疑问句

  一般疑问句也叫Yes/No question,因为它通常要用Yes或No来进行回答。一般疑问句读时句末用升调。如:

  (1)一般疑问句的结构:

  ①如果句子的谓语有be动词am,is,are,was,were,情态动词can,may,must,could,need,助动词will,shall,would,should,have,has,had等,将这些词移到句子主语的前面,句末用问号。如:

  Is the boy your friend?那个男孩是你的朋友吗?

  Will you go there tomorrow?明天你将去那里吗?

  Would you like to go with me?你愿意和我一起去吗?

  Have you been living here?你一直住在这儿吗?

  Are you going to Taiwan for holiday?你打算去台湾度假吗?

  Need I come here tomorrow?我需要明天来这里吗?

  ②如果句子的谓语没有情态动词、助动词或be动词,在句首加助动词do,does或did构成一般疑问句,原来的谓语动词用原形。如:

  Do you speak English?你讲英语吗?

  Does she like eating dumplings?她喜欢吃水饺吗?

  Did you go shopping yesterday?昨天你去买东西了吗?

  注意:

  ①由肯定句变为一般疑问句或否定句时,句中的already,some,something,somebody等词要变为yet,any,anything,anybody等。

  ②肯定句变为一般疑问句时,通常把第一人称I,we变为第二人称you。

  ③在非正式文体中,特别是在口语中,常用一般疑问句的省略形式。如:

  In trouble?有麻烦吗?

  Want some coffee?喝点咖啡吗?

  Need a hand?需要帮助吗?

  (2)一般疑问句的答语:

  ①多数情况下用Yes或 No+简略答语回答;肯定回答用Yes,否定回答用No。如:

  — Is Mary a Japanese girl?玛丽是日本女孩吗?

  — Yes,she isn't.是的,她是。/不,她不是。

  — Can Lily speak Chinese?莉莉会说中国话吗?

  — Yes,she can.是的,她会。/No,she can't.不,她不会。

  — Do you like English?你喜欢英语吗?

  — Yes,I don't.是的,我喜欢。/不,我不喜欢。

  注意:

  ①简略答语是由句子主语的相应代词+句子谓语的相应助动词构成。②回答第二人称you时,简略答语中的代词通常用第一人称I或we。

  ②一般疑问句除了用Yes,No回答外,有时还可以用Certainly,Of course,All right,With pleasure等代替Yes进行肯定回答;用Never,Not at all,Not yet,Sorry等代替No进行否定回答。如:

  — Can you help me?你能帮助我吗?

  — Certainly.当然。

  — Could you please make less noise?请你小声一点好吗?

  — All right,sir.好的,先生。

  — Have you ever been there?你曾去过那里吗?

  — Never.从来没有。

  — May I use your bike?我可以用一下你的自行车吗?

  — Sorry.I'm going home right away.对不起,我要马上回家。

  — Have you finished reading the book?你看完那本书了吗?

  — Not yet.还没有。

  注意:

  表示邀请的一般疑问句,在拒绝邀请时,其否定回答一般不用No,而是需讲明原因。如:

  — Could you come to tea on Sunday?星期天过来喝茶,好吗?

  — That's very nice of you,but I'm afraid I have no time that day.太好了,不过那天我没时间。

  2.特殊疑问句

  以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问代词有:what,who,whose,which;疑问副词有:when,where,how,why等。特殊疑问句读时句尾一般用降调。

  (1)特殊疑问句的结构:

  ①特殊疑问词+陈述句语序

  当特殊疑问词作句子的主语,或特殊疑问词作主语的定语修饰主语时,陈述句部分语序不需要调整,谓语是实义动词的也不需要加助动词do,does或did。如:

  Who teaches you English?谁教你们英语?

  Which is mine?哪一个是我的?

  Which book is yours?哪一本书是你的?

  Whose horse ran fastest?谁的马跑得最快?

  ②特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序

  当特殊疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、宾语补足语等其他成分时,疑问词后要跟一个相应的助动词,构成疑问句语序。如:

  What do you read?你读什么书?

  Which book do you want?你要哪一本书?

  How did you get here?你是怎么到达这儿的?

  When did you arrive?你是什么时候到的?

  Why did you do that?你为什么做那事?

  What can I do for you?我能为你做些什么?

  注意:

  ①在日常会话中,特殊疑问句常以省略的形式出现。如:

  Who?谁呀?Where?在哪里?What else?还有什么?What next?下一步怎么做?

  Where to go?到哪儿去?What to read next?下一步该读什么?

  Why not join us?为什么不加入我们呢?

  ②口语中常常用“How about+名词或动名词+?What about+名词或动名词+?”特殊疑问句形式来向对方征求意见或询问情况,意为“……怎么样?”。如:

  How about having a rest?休息一会儿怎么样?

  I'm ready.How about you?我准备好了,你呢?

  What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?大声读来练习发音怎么样?

  (2)特殊疑问句的答语

  特殊疑问句的答语的重点是对疑问词的回答,不再使用Yes或No,而是问什么答什么。答语可以是一个词或词组,也可以是一个完整的句子。如:

  — Who took my book?谁拿走了我的书?

  — Jack.(Jack took your book.)杰克。(杰克拿走了你的书)

  — When did he go to Beijing?他什么时候去的北京?

  — This morning.(He went to Beijing this morning.)今天早上。(他今天早上去的北京。)

  — What is he doing there?他在那里干什么?

  — Working.(He is working.)工作。(他在工作。)

  — Whose bike is this?这是谁的自行车?

  — Mr.Wang's.(It's Mr.Wang's.)王先生的。(它是王先生的。)

  (3)特殊疑问词的用法

  ①What is+sb.?用来询问某人的职业,译为“……是干什么的?”

  — What is your mother?你妈妈干什么工作?

  — She is a teacher.她是个老师。

  ②Who is+sb.?用来询问某人是谁。

  — Who is that woman?那个女人是谁?

  — She is my mother.她是我妈妈。

  — She is Rose.她是罗思。

  ③whose之后如果没有名词时,表示“谁的(东西)……”。

  — Whose is this umbrella?这伞是谁的?

  — This umbrella is my sister's.这伞是我姐姐的。

  ④Which引导的特殊疑问句用来对主语和宾语提问,意为“哪个”。

  — Which is Tom's?哪个是汤姆的?(对主语提问)

  — This is his.这是他的。

  — Which does he want?他想要哪一个?(对宾语提问)

  — He wants the green one.他想要那个绿色的。

  ⑤“How ...?”how可单独地置于疑问句的句首,询问如何做某事即做某事的方法、手段,及健康、天气等,意为“如何,怎么”。

  — How do you go to school?你怎样上学?(问方式)

  — I go to school by bus.我坐公共汽车去上学。

  — How are you?你身体怎样?(问健康)

  — I'm fine.Thank you!我很好。谢谢你。

  — How is the weather today?今天天气如何?(问天气)

  — It's cloudy.今天多云。

  How are you?=How do you do?你好吗?

  How about ...?=What about ...?……如何?

  How do you like ...?=What do you think of ...?你觉得……怎样?

  ⑥常用how组成的特殊疑问词及其用法:

  3.选择疑问句

  说话者提出两个或两个以上的答案,让听话人对它做出判断或选择,这样的疑问句就叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句,前一部分读升调,后一部分读降调。如:

  — Are you a soldier or a worker?你是士兵还是工人?

  — I'm a worker.我是工人。

  (1)选择疑问句的结构

  选择疑问句有一般疑问式选择疑问句和特殊疑问式选择疑问句两种结构形式。

  ①一般疑问句式选择疑问句:一般疑问句+or+被选择的情况+?如:

  Are you a teacher or a student?你是个老师还是个学生?

  — Did you work out the math problem in this way or(in)that way?你是用这种方法还是用那种方法把这道数学题算出来的?

  — I did it in that way.我用那种方法算出来的。

  Will you go to work in Shanghai or in Shenzhen after your graduation?你毕业以后是在上海工作还是去深圳工作?

  ②特殊疑问式选择疑问句:特殊疑问句+A or B?如:

  Which do you like better,this one or that one?你更喜欢哪一个,这一个还是那一个?

  Who are you waiting for,Li Lei or Li Ming?你在等谁,李雷还是李明?

  Which is bigger,Beijing or New York?哪个城市大些,北京还是纽约?

  When will he leave for London,today or tomorrow?他何时动身去伦敦,今天还是明天?

  (2)选择疑问句的答语

  选择疑问句不能用 Yes或 No 来回答,只能从句子中选择一部分作为问题的答语。如:

  — Do you go to school by bus or by bike?你上学乘公共汽车还是骑自行车?

  — By bus.乘公共汽车。

  — Which would you like,tea or coffee?你想要哪一个,茶还是咖啡?

  — Tea.茶。

  注意:

  有一种一般疑问句后面加or not,表示不耐烦等感情色彩,回答时可用Yes或No。如:

  — Are you ready or not?你准备好了没有?

  — Yes,I am.是的,我准备好了。

  — Are you going swimming or not?你还去不去游泳了?

  — No,I am not.不,我不去了。

  4.反意疑问句

  反意疑问句又称附加疑问句,是一种常用于口语的疑问句,这种问句由两部分组成,即陈述部分和反意疑问部分。反意疑问部分可翻译为“是吗?对吗?是不是?”

  (1)反意疑问句的3种结构形式:

  ①肯定的陈述句+否定的简短问句?

  当陈述部分是肯定句时,反意疑问部分要用否定形式,即前肯定,后否定。如:

  It's Monday today,isn't it ?今天星期一,是吗?

  He often goes to school by bike,doesn't he ?他常常骑自行车上学,对吗?

  They went to the park yesterday,didn't they ?他们昨天去公园了,是吗?

  注意:

  反意疑问部分的助动词及人称代词由陈述部分的主语和谓语来决定,反意疑问部分要与陈述部分人称一致、助动词一致、时态一致。如:

  The children will have a picnic in the park on Sunday,won't they ?孩子们星期天要在公园吃野餐,是吗?

  Your mother has gone to Qingdao,hasn't she?你母亲到青岛去了,是吗?

  ②否定的陈述句+肯定的简短问句?

  当陈述部分是否定句时,反意疑问部分要用肯定形式,即前否定,后肯定。如:

  That isn't your book,is it ?那不是你的书,是吗?

  Jim doesn't speak French,does he ?吉姆不会说法语,对吗?

  Your friend didn't have a good time last summer,did he ?你朋友去年暑假没过好,是吗?

  They haven't been to the Great Wall,have they ?他们没去过长城,是吗?

  注意:

  当陈述部分有 hardly,seldom,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere,neither,nor 等否定词时,反意疑问部分要用肯定形式。如:

  He never said she would come,did he ?他从来没说她会来,是吗?

  Nobody can answer the question,can they ?没有人能回答这个问题,是不是?

  Few people know about it,do they ?几乎没有人知道这件事情,是吗?

  You have never seen the film,have you ?你从来没看过这部电影,是吗?

  Neither you nor I can work it out,can we?你我都不能算出它,是不是?

  ③祈使句+简短问句?

  当陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问部分用will you?或won't you?如:

  Stop talking,will you?停止讲话,好吗?

  Pass me the pen,will you?把这支钢笔递给我,好吗?

  Close all the windows,will you/won't you?把所有的窗户都关上,好吗?

  注意:

  ①如果陈述部分是否定祈使句,反意疑问部分只用 will you?如:

  Don't go to the park by bus,will you?别乘公共汽车去公园,好吗?

  Don't forget to post the letter,will you?别忘了寄信,好吗?

  ②Let's开头的祈使句,反意疑问部分用 shall we?Let us,Let me,Let him等开头的祈使句,反意疑问部分用 will you?如:

  Let's go to see the pandas,shall we?咱们去看熊猫吧,好吗?

  Let us wait until 5:00,will you?让我们等到5点,好吗?

  Let him do it,will you?让他去做吧,好吗?

  (2)反意疑问句的答语

  回答反意疑问句与回答一般疑问句相同,要用Yes或No作答。回答的内容是肯定的用Yes;回答的内容是否定的,用No;当陈述部分是否定句时,肯定回答的Yes翻译为“不”,否定回答的No翻译为“是的”,这与汉语完全不同,应特别注意。如:

  — You don't want to go out,do you?你不想出去,对吧?

  — Yes,I do.不,我想出去。/No,I don't.是的,我不想出去。

  — My bike isn't cheap,is it?我的自行车不便宜,是吗?

  — Yes,it is.不,它很便宜。/No,it isn't.是的,它不便宜。

  — You have finished your homework,haven't you?你已经完成作业了,是吗?

  — Yes,I have.是的,我完成了。/No,I haven't.不,我没有完成。

  — He also wants to go,doesn't he?他也想去,是不是?

  — Yes,he does.是的,他想去。/No,he doesn't.不,他不想去。

  (3)反义疑问句疑难考点7注意

  ①如果陈述部分含有seldom,hardly,never,few,little,nothing,none,no one,nowhere等否定词或半否定词,其反意疑问部分要用肯定式。如:

  He seldom comes to see you,does he ?他很少来看你,是吗?

  You have never read his book,have you ?你从未看过他的书,是吗?

  No one phoned me while I was out,did they ?我不在的时候没人打电话给我,是吗?

  注意:

  若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词,反意疑问句仍用否定式。如:

  It is unfair,isn't it?这不公平,不是吗?

  It is impossible,isn't it?那是不可能的,是吗?

  ②如果陈述部分的主语为somebody,someone,everyone,everybody,no one,nobody,none等复合不定代词,其反意疑问部分的主语强调全部时可用they,强调个体时可用he。如:

  Nobody was hurt,were they?没有一个人受伤,是吗?

  Someone is waiting for you,isn't he?有人在等你,是不是?

  Everyone knows what money means,doesn't he/don't they?每个人都知道钱意味着什么,是吗?

  注意:

  当陈述部分的主语是 something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语要用it。如:

  Nothing is important,is it?没有什么重要的,不是吗?

  Everything was going well,wasn't it?一切都很顺利,是吗?

  ③当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that时,反意疑问部分的主语用it;当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these,those时,反意疑问部分的主语用they。如:

  That is your bike,isn't it?那是你的自行车,是不是?

  These aren't our books,are they?这些不是我们的书,是吗?

  ④如果陈述部分有助动词have,反意疑问部分也用have;如果have为实义动词,反意疑问部分用助动词do,does或did。如:

  They have never been to Hainan,have they?他们从未去过海南,是吗?

  He has a lot of money,doesn't he?他有许多钱,是吗?

  You have sports meeting every term,don't you?你们每个学期都举行运动会,是不是?

  He had supper at home,didn't he?他在家吃的晚饭,是吗?

  ⑤如果陈述部分含有表示“必须”的must,反意疑问部分用 mustn't或needn't;如果陈述部分含有表示禁止的mustn't,反意疑问部分要用must;如果陈述部分含有表示肯定或否定推测的must be,must have been或can't be,反意疑问部分要根据must或can't后的助动词确定反意疑问形式。如:

  He must leave at once,mustn't/needn't he?他必须马上离开,是吗?

  You mustn't smoke here,must you?你不得在这儿吸烟,好吗?

  He must be tired,isn't he?他一定累了,是吗?

  He must have read the article,hasn't/didn't he?他一定读过那篇文章,是吗?

  The girl can't be your sister,is she?那女孩不可能是你姐姐,是吗?

  注意:

  陈述部分含有表示推测的must have done,并有already,for two days等表示完成的时间状语,反意疑问部分用haven't;若有yesterday,last night等表示过去时间的时间状语,反意疑问部分用didn't;若两类时间状语都没有,根据情况用haven't或didn't都可以。

  ⑥若陈述部分为主从复合句,其反意疑问句一般应与主句保持一致,但陈述部分为I think (believe,suppose等)that+宾语从句时,反意疑问句通常与从句保持一致,否定式与主句保持一致。如:

  She said that I did it,didn't she?她说是我干的,是吗?

  I think that he is wrong,isn't he?我认为他错了,是吗?

  I don't suppose he will come,will he?我想他不会来了,是吗?

  ⑦there be句型的反意疑问句

  There be句型的反意疑问句主语部分用there,助动词用be的相应形式;如果there be句型有其他助动词,则根据前否定、后肯定,前肯定、后否定的原则,选用其他助动词的相应形式。如:

  There are seven boys and two girls in your group,aren't there?你们小组七个男孩、两个女孩,是不是?

  There isn't any water in your glass,is there?你的杯子里没有水,是吗?

  There will be less and less living space for wild animals,won't there?野生动物的生存空间越来越少,是吗?

  ⑧I am ...;I wish的反意疑问句

  若陈述部分是I'm ...,反意疑问句通常用aren't I;若陈述部分是I wish ...,则反意疑问句通常用may I。如:

  I'm older than you,aren't I?我年纪比你大,对不对?

  I wish to go with them,may I?我想同他们一起去,可以吗?

  5.否定式疑问句

  疑问句的否定结构称为否定式疑问句。否定式疑问句表示惊异、反问、失望、责难等语气。否定式疑问句通常翻译成“难道……不……?”

  (1)否定式疑问句的结构

  ①正式文体中:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+not+其他?此结构实际是在一般疑问句的主语后加not,not不与任何词缩写。如:

  Is he not a worker?难道他不是工人?

  Did you not know?难道你不知道?

  Can you not see?难道你看不见?

  ②非正式文体或口语中:be/助动词/情态动词+n't+主语+其他?此结构中,not须与其前面的词缩写成-n't形式。如上面三个例句可以写成:

  Isn't he a worker?难道他不是个工人吗?

  Didn't you know?难道你不知道吗?

  Can't you see?难道你看不见吗?

  Isn't Kate a student?=Is Kate not a student?难道凯特不是学生吗?

  Hasn't the rain stopped yet?=Has the rain not stopped yet?难道雨还没有停吗?

  (2)否定式疑问句的用法

  ①否定式疑问句用于表示惊异、反问、失望、责难等语气,也可以赞美美好的事物,相当于一个特殊的感叹句,还可以用于提出建议或邀请。如:

  Isn't it beautiful?难道它不美吗?(它真美!)

  Why not give me a hand?你帮我一下行吗?(表示请求)

  Won't you come in and have some tea?进来喝些茶好吗?(表示邀请)

  Why don't you have a try?你为什么不试一试?(表示建议)

  Isn't he your blood brother?难道他不是你的亲兄弟?(表示惊异)

  Isn't it a lovely day?难道不是一个好天吗?(表示赞赏)

  Why didn't you come last night?昨晚你为什么不来?(表示责备)

  ②否定式疑问句可以表示请求或希望得到肯定答复。如:

  Don't you remember the days when we stayed in Paris?难道你不记得我们在巴黎逗留的那些日子吗?(希望得到肯定答复)

  (3)否定式疑问句的答语

  否定式疑问句的答语在形式上与一般疑问句的答语一样,但翻译成汉语时,Yes要译成“不”,No要译成“对,是的”。英美人在回答问题时,凡与事实相符的都用Yes,不相符的都用No.如:

  — Isn't he a teacher?难道他不是个老师吗?

  — Yes,he is.不,他是老师。/No,he isn't.是的,他不是。

  — Don't you want to go?难道你不想去吗?

  — Yes,I do.不,我想去。/No,I don't.对,我不想去。

  注意:

  反意疑问句前半部分为否定陈述,后半句为肯定疑问时,实际上含意相当于否定疑问句,因此其答语的含义及形式与否定疑问句相同。如:

  — He isn't a good boy,is he?他不是个好男孩,对吗?

  — Yes,he is.不,他是。/No,he isn't.是的,他不是。

  以上就是为大家整理的“初中英语语法基础知识:疑问句”,希望可以帮助大家更好地学习初中英语语法,更多内容敬请关注!


本文关键字: 初中英语语法

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