新概念英语第四册常识解析:Royal espionage

2024-02-27 14:25:00来源:网络

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  9-1. Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.

  【译文】阿尔弗雷德大帝曾亲自充当间谍。他乔装吟游歌手进入丹麦军队营地侦察。

  【讲解】Alfred the Great,阿尔弗雷德大帝,古英国国王,22岁登基,为抵抗入侵的丹麦人,先后与丹麦军交战6年未能取胜,后潜匿于阿森尔尼岛,终于打败丹麦军。visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel作方式状语,修饰acted。disguised as a minstrel作方式状语,修饰visiting。

  【单词和短语】

  disguise:假扮,化装(to change someone’s appearance so that people cannot recognize them),

  例如:

  She disguised herself as a man with a false beard.

  她戴上假须女扮男装。

  9-2. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.

  【译文】当时,浪迹四方的吟游歌手到处受欢迎。

  【讲解】wandering minstrels,浪迹四方的吟游歌手。中世纪时期,欧洲云游四方的歌手一般都身带竖琴,自弹自唱,传颂古代的历史传说。

  【单词和短语】

  wandering:漫游的;闲逛的;流浪的(one uses wandering to describe a person who moves from place to place and has no permanent home)。

  minstrel:(中世纪的)吟游歌手(a singer or musician in the Middle Ages)。

  9-3. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport.

  【译文】他们不是参战人员,他们的竖琴就是通行证。

  9-4. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.

  【译文】阿尔弗雷德年轻时学过许多吟游歌手的歌曲,并能穿插表演一些杂技和小魔术使自己的节目多样化。

  【讲解】their指吟游歌手的。

  【单词和短语】

  acrobatic:杂技的(acrobatic movements involve moving your body in a very skillful way, for example by jumping through the air or balancing on a rope),另掌握acrobatics(杂技)和acrobat(杂技演员)。

  9-5. While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.

  【译文】阿尔弗雷德人数不多的军队开始在阿塞尔纳慢慢集结时,大帝亲自潜入丹麦侵略军司令官古瑟罗姆的营地。

  【讲解】the king himself指Alfred the Great。Guthrum是入侵英国的丹麦军首领。公元878年5月,被阿尔弗雷德大帝战败,改奉基督教,并认阿尔弗雷德大帝为教父。

  【单词和短语】

  penetrate:深入;进入;打入(to succeed in becoming accepted into a group or an organization, sometimes in order to find out their secrets),

  例如:

  penetratethe territory of enemies渗入敌人领土

  penetratean enemy organization打入敌人组织

  penetrate的名词形式为penetration。

  9-6. These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.

  【译文】丹麦侵略军已在切本哈姆扎营准备过冬,阿尔弗雷德便来到此地。

  【讲解】these指the Danish invaders。

  【单词和短语】

  thither:到那儿,向那儿(in that direction),

  例如:

  How the print of a foot came thither, I knew not, nor could in the last imagine.

  那脚印是怎么留在那儿的,我既不知道,也丝毫猜不出。

  9-7. He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual.

  【译文】他立刻发现丹麦侵略军纪律松懈:丹麦人以征服者自居,安全措施松弛。

  【讲解】slack后的冒号引出说明解释性内容。

  【单词和短语】

  slack:懈怠的,松懈的;疏忽的;马虎的(not taking enough care or making enough effort to do things correctly),

  例如:

  slack supervision 监督不严

  Security’s got a bit slack. 安全问题有些放松。

  9-8. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions.

  【译文】他们靠袭击附近地区、掠夺财物过着舒适的生活。

  【讲解】句中的第一个on与live搭配使用,live on…意为“靠……生活”。因为well与on…regions并列作状语,所以用逗号隔开。句中的第二个on是与raid搭配在一起的,意为“袭击”。

  【单词和短语】

  proceeds:(从事某种活动或变卖财物等的)收入,收益(the money that is obtained from doing something or selling something),

  例如:

  The proceeds from the school play will be used to buy a new curtain.

  学校演剧的收入将用于购买一幅新的舞台幕布。

  They are reaping proceeds when the cattle are sold.

  卖了那些牲口他们就可以获得收益了。

  9-9. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.

  【译文】这些入侵者在那里不但搜刮吃喝,而且掳掠妇女,这种安逸的生活令他们萎靡不振。

  【讲解】句中as well as的侧重点在它前面的women。在用“不但……而且……”或“……还……”翻译as well as时,因为汉语的侧重点是在后面的“而且”、“还”,而作in addition to解的as well as的重点则在它前面的词语,所以汉译时必须颠倒原文as well as连接的前后词语的次序。

  【单词和短语】

  soft:轻松的;舒服的,舒适的(not very brave and not having a strong character)。

  9-10. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney.

  【译文】阿尔弗雷德在敌营呆了一周后回到了阿塞尔纳。

  9-11. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde.

  【译文】他集结在那里的军队和丹麦大军相比微不足道。

  【讲解】there assembled是过去分词短语,作the force的定语,there指Athelney。compared with the Danish horde作状语,修饰was trivial。

  【单词和短语】

  trivial:琐碎的;不重要的,无价值的(not serious, important, or valuable),

  例如:

  trivial matters 琐事

  a trivial offence 小过失

  trivial formalities 繁文缛节

  put the trivial above the important 本末倒置

  consider sth. trivial 认为某事无关紧要

  raise trivial objections 提出无关紧要的反对

  trivial的名词形式为triviality。

  9-12. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.

  【译文】然而,阿尔弗雷德推断出丹麦人已不再适合持久战:他们的军需供应处于无组织状态,仅是靠临时抢夺来维持。

  【讲解】and that their commissariat…irregular raids作deduced的宾语。同时对the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle进一步解说,所以battle后有冒号。depended前的but意为“仅仅,只有”。

  【单词和短语】

  irregular:不规则的,无规律的;不合常规的;不稳定的(not happening at times that are an equal distance from each other),

  例如:

  an irregular pattern 不规则轨迹

  an irregular heartbeat 不齐的心律

  be irregular in one’s attendance 不时缺席

  9-13. So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.

  【译文】因此,面对丹麦人的进攻,阿尔弗雷德没有贸然同敌人正面开战,而是采用骚扰敌人。

  【讲解】faced with the Danish advance作时间状语,修饰risk和harried。

  【单词和短语】

  harry:(时常)袭击;掠夺;抢劫;蹂躏(to keep attacking an enemy)。

  9-14. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him.

  【译文】他一直在运动中,牵着敌人在后面跟着跑。

  【讲解】drawing the Danes after him作结果状语,修饰was constantly on the move。

  9-15. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army.

  【译文】他派出巡逻队阻止敌人抢劫:因而饥饿侵袭着丹麦军队。

  【讲解】parties后的冒号引出说明语,表结果。

  【单词和短语】

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