新概念英语第二册第58课课文详解及语法解析

2018-12-08 14:34:00来源:网络

  He set off in spite of the heavy rain.

  尽管下着大雨,他还是出发了。

  In spite of what you have told me, I still believe(that) he has stolen the money.

  虽然你对我说了这些,我还是认为他偷了那笔钱。

  9.So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!

  然而到目前为止,还没有一个人暴死呢!

  (1)not one of them表示“一个人也没有……”,其语气比none of them或 no one要强。

  (2)strike down为固定短语,在这里表示“使……生重病”、“杀死”(通常用被动语态):

  Many people were struck down in that war.

  许多人在那场战争中死去了。

  He was struck down by cancer last year.

  他去年死于癌症。

  语法 Grammar in use

  被动语态(5)

  (1)在第34课的语法中,我们讲过如果说话人想避免用不明确的词(如someone, a person等)作主语,就常常使用被动语态:

  Mary was told to meet us.

  玛丽被告知来接我们。

  The window has been mended.

  窗子已被修好。

  (2)如果我们需要把话说得谨慎些或“保险”些,也可以用被动语态。主动语态往往表示对事实确有把握:

  Debbie Hart swam across the English Channel when she was a girl.

  黛比·哈特还是个姑娘时曾经横渡过英吉利海峡。

  如果这句话用 It is said that…结构表达,则说话者的把握就小了一些。用于这种被动语态的动词除了say之外,还有believe, know, find, fear, think等:

  It is feared that many lives have been lost in the train crash.

  在这次列车事故中,恐怕有不少人丧生。

  It is said that there is a great deal of oil in Africa.

  据说非洲有大量的石油。

  It is said that Dan is the most intelligent student in his class.

  据说丹是他们班上最聪明的学生。

  除It is said that…这种结构外,上面的句子还可以变成另一种形式的被动句,其意义不变。它的结构为There/名词主语/代词主语+被动语态+带to的不定式:

  There is said to be a great deal of oil in Africa.

  据说非洲有大量石油。

  Debbie Hart is said to have swum across the English Channel when she was a girl.

  据说黛比·哈特还是个姑娘时曾经横渡过英吉利海峡。

  Dan is said to be the most intelligent student in his class.

  据说丹是他们班上最聪明的学生。

  后一种结构在口语中更常用,因为它更简洁:

  They say that church's old.

  人们说那座教堂年岁久远。

  It's not as old as it's said to be.

  它并不像人们所说约那么古老。

  (3)在第34课的语法中我们讲过,动词+宾语+不定式结构中既可以动词用被动语态,也可以在不定式中用被动语态:

  They told Mary meet us.

  他们让玛丽接我们。(主语不明确)

  Mary was told to meet us.

  玛丽被告知去接我们。

  (4)在另一种句型即“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”中,这两个宾语都可以成为被动句的主语。不过,由于间接宾语通常是人,所以间接宾语成为被动句主语的时候要多些:

  The film gave Sam a gold watch.

  那家公司赠给萨姆一块金表。

  San was given a gold watch.

  萨姆被赠给一块金表。(间接宾语为主语)

  A gold watch was given to Sam.

  一块金表被赠给萨姆。(直接宾语为主语)

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