新概念英语第二册语法总结及练习(31):It用法&There be结构

2014-09-02 12:05:00来源:英语世界

十、“It”的用法和“There be”结构

知识要点:

一、代词it

代替前文提到过的东西或事情,用作人称代词。

This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.

这是一本新词典,我昨天买的。

Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it?

汤姆上月入伍了,你知道这事吗?

代替指示代词,起着thisthat的作用

Is this your car? No, it isn’t. 这是你的汽车吗?不是。

What’s that?—It’s a video. 那是什么?它是一台录像机。

Whose room is this?—It is theirs.这是谁的房间,是他们的。

指明某人或某物的身分,还可指不明性别的婴儿

Who’s there? It’s me. (It’s John) 谁在那儿?是我。(是约翰)

Go and see who it is that rings. It’s Bill.

去看看是谁来的电话,是比尔。

The Greens have a new baby. It’s lovely.

格林家有一个新生婴儿。它很可爱。

指时间,距离,自然现象(天气,气候,明暗)量度,价值等

It’s Sunday today. 今天是星期天。

It’s three months since he came here.

自从他来到这里,已经三个月了。

How far is it to the Great Wall .到长城有多远?

It’s getting dark. 天快黑了。

—How much is the coat? —It’s ninety dollars.

这件衣服多少钱?九十美元。

二、引导词it

代替不定式短语

It is up to you to decide. 这事要由你决定。

It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.

听说你恢复了健康,这使我很高兴。

代替动名词短语

It’s no good smoking. 吸烟没有好处。

It’s worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.

用整夜的时间来研究那个问题是值得的。

代替主语从句

It doesn’t matter what you do. 你干什么都没有关系。

It seems that everyone has known the news.

好象大家都知道这个消息。

形式

代替不定式短语

I consider it better to be early.

我认为能够早一些更好。

We found it impossible to get there before July .

我们觉得,要在七月以前到达那里是不可能的。

宾语

代替动名词短语

We thought it no use doing that.

我们认为做那事没有用。

代替宾语从句

The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time .

老师清楚地指出,每个人都应该按时交作业。

三、it在强调结构中

强调句型:It is (was) +被强调部分+ that (who) + 其它

强调

部分

It is I who am to blame. 是我该受责怪。

It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday.

昨天来的是你叔叔。

原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态用It is that(who)如果原句谓语动词是过去时态,则用It wasthat(who)。在

It was a new pen that Mother gave me .

母亲给我的是一支新钢笔。

强调时间,地点,原因或方式时不要用when, where, how, 必须用that

地点

It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.

我把雨伞就落在了教室里。

时间

It is at eleven that the train leaves.

火车是在十一点钟离开。

方式

It was just as he ordered that I acted.

我正是照他吩咐的那样做的。

原因

It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him.

正是因为他处境困难我才尽力帮助他。

It was red that we painted the gate.

我们把门油漆成红的颜色。

It was chairman that they elected him .

他们选他担任的是主席的职务。

there be结构

基本句型

there

肯定句 there be ++其它 There is a map on the wall.

墙上有张地图。

be

否定句 there be + not ++ There is not a map on the wall.

其它 墙上没有地图。

结构

一般疑问句 be + there ++ Is there a map on the wall?

墙上有地图吗?

肯定与否定 Yes ,there is . No, there isn’t.

回答 是的,有 不,没有

特殊疑问 特殊疑问词+ be + —How many maps are there on the wall?

句及回答 there ++其它 墙上有多少张地图?

—There are two. 有两张

1

There be 句型也可以由其它动词代替be,常用的词有seem to be , happen to be ,appear to be, used to be 等词组或用live, come, stand, lie, occur, exist, flow等动词。

There seems to be much hope of our team beating theirs.

好象我们队很有希望打败他们队。

Only there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

从前有一位老渔夫住在海边的一个村子里。

2

There be 之后如有几个并列主语时,用is或用are要取决于第一个主语是单数还有复数,单数用is,复数则用are.

There is a pen, a pencil and two books on the desk.

桌上有一支钢笔,一支铅笔和两本书。

There are two books, a pen and a pencil on the desk.

桌上有两本书,一支钢笔和一支铅笔。

【专项训练】

it的用法

1、“Do you like fish?”“Yes, I like .

A.× Bit Cthat Dthem

2 today?

AHow is it BWhat is it CWhat is it like DHow is the weather.

3、“Do you want a watch?”“ .

AYes, I want it . BYes, I want one. CNo, I’ve got it. DNo, I’ve got the watch.

4、“Whose exercise-book is that? hers

AThat is BThis is CIt’s DIts

5 won’t take long to get to Shanghai by air.

AThat BHe CIt DThis

6What he has done helps us a lot, ?

Aisn’t he Bdoesn’t he Cisn’t it Ddoesn’t it

7We all thought no use doing that.

Ait Bthat Cthis Dthere

8I took it for granted you would come to our party.

Awhen Bwhy Cfor what Dthat

9How happy to be able to study and live together with you!

Athat will be Bis it Cwill it be Dit will be

10I thought it to be .

Ahim Bhe Cits Dshe

11 very foolish of you to say so.

AIt’s BIts CThat’s DThis

12It’s not his habit for things.

Aasks Bask Cto ask Dasked

13It has been a great honour coming to visit me.

Athey Byou Cshe Dhe

14I found to hear what he said.

Athat difficulty Bit difficulty Cthat difficult Dit difficult

15He is fifty , but doesn’t

Alook at it Blook for it Clook it Dlook him

16It was who telephoned me yesterday.

Ahim Bhis Chimself Dhe

17The sentence is wrong.

Aits Bit Citself Dit’s

18 is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment.

AIt BThis CThat DThere

19It seems John’s not coming after all.

Athis Bthat Cif Dto

20 was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas.

AIt BThis CThat DSuch

21Was the room the famous writer had ever lived in?

Athat, it Bit , that Cit , where Dthat, which

22 is said that he has been to many places in the United States.

AThis BHe CIt DThat

23What you want me to do?

Ait is Bthat Cis this Dis it that

24Is not important who will go?

Ait Bthat Cthis D.×

25Why is it everyone thinks he’s a thief?

Abecause Bas Cwhen Dthat

26 being Sunday, the library was closed.

AWhat BIt CThat DThis

27Is believed he is ill?

Ait, that Bhe, that Cit, if Dhe, for

28 is known to us Mary dances best.

AShe, × BIt, that CIt, she DShe, who

29、“What’s this?”“ a flag.

AThis is BThat’s CIt’s DIts

30Jack is ill. Have you heard about ?

Ahim Bit Cthis Dthat

There be 结构

31Is a typewriter in the room?

Ahe Bthere Cit Dhas

32There’s no one in the house, is ?

Ait Bhe Cthere Dthey

33 must be something wrong.

AIt BHe CThere DThey

34 there anyone around?

AWas BWere CThere DHas

35 used to be a church round the corner.

AHere BThere CIt DIt is

36It is reported that is going to be a storm.

Ait Bthere C.× Dthe weather

37There still a lot of work to be done before the house is ready for occupation.

Aare Bwere Cis Dhave

38There is a girl for the bus.

Ato wait Bwaiting Cwaited Dwait

39There a pine tree at the top of the hill.

Astands Blies Clives Dhas

40 will be a good film on at the Rex next week.

AThere BIt CThat DThis

改错,下列每句所给的选项中,各有一项是错的,请指出并改正。

41He is certain that the secretary will be there.
A B C D

42I think that a good idea to get up early.

A B C D

43It makes me feel sad that see you.

A B C D

44Do you find it very dull live here?

A B C D

45It is no use to cry over spilt milk.

A B C D

46There it must have been a mistake.

A B C D

47There is going to have an English party at the weekend.

A B C D

48Is there any one who waiting to see me ?

A B C D

49There have a man sitting beyond that fence.

A B C D

50It was a car ready for us.

A B C D

【答案】:

1B 2D 3B 4C 5C 6D

7A 8D 9D 10A 11A 12C

13B 14D 15C 16D 17C 18A

19B 20A 21B 22C 23D 24A

25D 26B 27A 28B 29C 30B

31B 32C 33C 34A 35B 36B

37C 38B 39A 40A

41A Heit 42B thatit 43C thatto

44D live前加to 45C to crycrying 46B it 去掉

47B havebe 48C who后加is 或把who去掉

49A haveis 50A It There

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