新概念英语第三册生词短语积累Lesson4

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　　New words and expression 生词和短语

　　Double adj.两倍的, 双重的

　　manual adj.体力的 (=physical adj.身体的, 物质的)

　　manual work 体力工作

　　mental work 脑力工作

　　collar n.衣领

　　white-collar adj.白领阶层的, 脑力劳动者(those who do mental work)

　　blue-collar adj蓝领阶级的, 工人阶级的(those who do manual work)

　　get hot under the collar 怒气冲天

　　-- He got hot under the collar when he knew that they laughed at him.

　　sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 (to give up for good purpose)

　　-- sacrifice one‘s life for the country

　　-- sacrifice time

　　sacrifice n.牺牲 (-- make many sacrifices)

　　privilege n.好处 (=advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益)

　　-- sacrifice one‘s advantage/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处

　　privilege n.特权, 特别待遇(=special right)

　　-- give sb the privilege of doing sth 特许某人做某事

　　privileged a.荣幸的

　　-- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.

　　dustman n.清洁工

　　corporation n.公司

　　overalls n.工作服

　　shower n.淋浴

　　secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隐秘的

　　Confidential adj.机密的

　　keep secret 保密

　　-- It‘s between you and me. 此事只介于你我之间。

　　-- I‘ll keep it to myself. 我会保守秘密的。

　　in secret 私下里(=secretly, in private, privately)

　　-- I was told about it in secret.

　　in the secret 知道内情

　　-- He was in the secret from the beginning

　　status n.地位(=social position)

　　statue n.雕像, 塑像

　　rise n.发生, 出现

　　loss n.损失

　　fellow n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的

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　　Text 课文

　　Why did Alf want a white-collar job

　　These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who

　　work in offices.

　　people who do manual work=blue-collar workers

　　people who do mental work=white-collar workers=people who work in offices

　　for more money(far副词用来加强语气=much)

　　People who work in offices are frequently referred to as "white-collar workers‘ for the

　　simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.

　　refer to...as = regard...as 把...看作为

　　-- I always refer to him as bookworm(n.书呆子)

　　for the simple reason=for 引导的原因状语从句

　　for the reason that多用于正式文体，because多用于口语中。

　　-- He is refer to as a book worm for the simple reason that he spare no efforts reading.

　　-- He was send to prison for he could not pay his debts.

　　Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for

　　the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.

　　human nature 人性

　　such...that... (that引导同位语从句, 进一步补充说明such的基本内涵)

　　-- His kindness was such that we will never forget him.

　　=Such was his kindness that… (such在句首要倒装)

　　=He was so kind that we will never forget him.

　　-- Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.

　　介词for表示一种目的

　　be willing to do sth=be ready to do sth 心甘情愿做

　　This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as

　　a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.

　　give rise to=(lead to v.导致, 通向)(cause vt.引起, 惹起)(result in v.导致)

　　-- Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。

　　-- The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的环境引起了犯罪。

　　in the case of 就...来说, 关于, 就...而言 (=concerning prep.关于, 涉及, 就...说)

　　-- Stealing is no shame in the case of him. 偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。

　　in case of(副词)万一, 以防 à (in case conj.万一)

　　-- You should ensure your house in case of fire. (ensure vt.保证; 担保, 保险)

　　-- Take umbrella in case of rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。

　　who引导定语从句

　　When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.

　　too embarrassed to say 太尴尬而没有说明

　　be ashamed of 感到羞愧, 惭愧

　　-- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.

　　marry 强调动作 (-- He married the girl. 他娶了这个女孩。)

　　get married 强调过程(-- Last year they got married.)

　　be married to sb 强调状态(-- The old man has been married to his wife for 50 years.)

　　He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.

　　Simply 副词--用来修饰限定动词told

　　Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.

　　dressed in a smart black suit --形容词短语表示一种状态 打方框代表有问题

　　-- He go to work dressed in a beautiful coat.

　　-- He left home wearing a smart black suit.

　　He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.

　　changed into 换上 / change back into 换回

　　Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed back into his suit.

　　Before returning home=Before he returned home

　　Before和动名词搭配, 相当于Before引导的时间状语从句。

　　如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语

　　-- After getting home, he had a good rest.

　　-- Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.

　　Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret.

　　Alf‘s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf

　　has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office.

　　she never will=she will never discover the secret

　　在省略句式中, never要放在助动词之前

　　-- “will you go to see her ”

　　-- “I will never to to see her"="No, I never will."

　　He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well

　　worth the loss of money.

　　half as much as

　　half / a quarter / twice / three times + as...as... 表示倍数

　　-- I won‘t marry a man who is twice as old as me.

　　-- We got three times as many people as we expected.

　　-- This room is about three times as large as that one.

　　是...的几倍：...as +形容词或副词原形+ as...

　　比...多几倍：...times +形容词或副词比较级+ than…

　　-- This road is four times longer than that one.=This road is five times as long as that one.

　　What he obtained is well worth the loss of time. 他的所得是值得花时间的。

　　well 副词用来加强语气, 修饰形容词worth

　　From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him ‘Mr. Bloggs‘, not ‘Alf‘.

　　Special difficulties 难点

　　impossibility n.不可能之事, 不可能

　　grant vt.同意, 准予

　　A. 两类词汇：

　　1>tell, give等动词可以和双宾语搭配(指物的直接宾语，指人的间接宾语)

　　-- He told a story to me.=He told me a story .

　　2>explain, say等动词只能代一个(直接)宾语, 在间接宾语前要用介词to

　　-- He explain the difficult to me. / He said nothing to me.

　　-- She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children.

　　-- He admitted his guilt to the police.(guilt n.罪行, 内疚)

　　-- Did you suggest this idea to him

　　当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语之后(但say除外)

　　-- I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.

　　=I explained the impossibility of granting his request to him.

　　-- He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.

　　=He confessed that he had fallen asleep during the meeting to me.

　　confide vt., vi.

　　1> 倾诉(与in连用)

　　-- Jone felt she could only confide in her mother. 琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐心中的秘密。

　　2> 吐露 (心事、秘密等), 与to连用

　　-- One evening he came and confided to me that he had spent five years in prison.

　　有一天晚上他到我家来向我吐露他曾坐过五年牢。

　　B.“Worth"后面只能跟名词或动名词

　　-- His suggestion is worth considering.

　　-- His rise in status is worth the loss of money.

　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择

　　1... A illustrate vt.阐明, 阐述

　　“...a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming

　　white-collar worker"

　　2... C double life

　　3... D "...he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money"

　　previous adj.在前的, 早先的

　　respect n.某方面 vt.尊敬, 尊重

　　4... B to go 可以省略

　　They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie.

　　5... D

　　"Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job."

　　too...to…(不定式to表示否定)

　　so...that…(在that引导的结果状语从句中, 如果采用否定式，可以和too...to 互换)

　　-- The water is too hot for us to drink.=The water is so hot that we can‘t drink.

　　6... C "He simply told her that he worker of the Corporation"

　　simply副词(仅仅是, 再没有别的了=only, just)

　　无论是simply, only还是just，往往用在所修饰的主体词之前。

　　-- I did it simply/only for the money

　　-- I don‘t like driving. I do it simply/only because I have to go to work each day.

　　and no more(放句尾)

　　in a simple way 简单地, 简朴地

　　-- She was always dressed in a simple way.

　　7... B

　　Before是介词和动名词形式搭配。 -- Before returning home...

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