初中英语语法点总结：Be 的四功能

　　初中英语语法，是初中英语中一个重要的板块。熟练的掌握这些语法知识，对于我们英语能力的整体提高，会有更好的帮助。那么具体的初中英语语法知识都包含了哪些呢?下面小编为大家整理了“初中英语语法点总结：Be 的四功能”，供大家进行参考学习。

　　Be 的四功能

　　be是一个多功能动词，在初级英语里可见四种用法：

　　功能一，系动词be

　　be为连系动词，中心词义是"是"，句型为"主+系+表"结构。be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式);was, were(过去式);will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词+原形);have/has/had been(助动词+过去分词)等。如：

　　To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时)

　　The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)

　　It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)

　　She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)

　　功能二，助动词be

　　助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下：

　　1. be+doing：构成进行时态，有现在和过去两种进行时态。如：

　　The girls is reading and copying the new words now.

　　Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.

　　2. be+done：构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如：

　　Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)

　　This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)

　　Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)

　　How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)

　　That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)

　　3. be+going to do，表示"打算或将要做某事"，be有现在和过去两种形式。如：

　　We are going to plant trees in the park.

　　I didn't know if she was going to come here.

　　4. be+to do，表示"按计划安排将要做某事"。如：

　　The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.

　　One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.

　　功能三，there be

　　there be句式为：there be+主语部分+状语部分，表示"某处存在某物"，be常用现在时，过去时和将来时等。如：

　　Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.

　　There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.

　　Will there be a football match in your school next week?

　　功能四，实义be

　　可以将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达"等。如：

　　His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.

　　Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.

　　Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.

　　there be中考知识点扫描

　　there be结构作为初中的一个重点句型，在教育部新颁布的《英语课程标准》中，作为简单句的基本句型列入其中，在各地中考试卷中也频频亮相。

　　考点一：对there be基本理念的考查

　　1.—What did you see on the desk then?

　　—There ________ a bottle of orange.

　　[03北京宣武区]

　　A. was B. were C. has D. had

　　2. There ________ an English film here tomorrow. [04武汉]

　　A. has B. is going to be C. will have

　　3. There used to have few tall buildings around our village. (找错并改正)

　　A 　B 　C 　D

　　[03陕西]

　　4.—What’s on the plate?

　　—There ________ some bread on it.

　　[03吉林]

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　[扫描1]

　　根据句子的时间状语或上下文暗示、衔接等，在初中阶段be的形式不外乎有这么几种：

　　①现在时(is / are)、过去时(was / were)、将来时(will be)、完成时(have / has / had been);

　　②可以与情态动词连用，组成there +情态动词+be的形式，表推测语气;

　　③可与seem, appear, used to等状态词连用，构成there seems / appears / used to be...;

　　答案要点：

　　1.题中的问句用了过去时，又因为答语中为“一瓶桔子汁”，故答案为A。

　　2.题中有一个表示将来的tomorrow，又因为there be的形式中不能用助动词have，故答案为B。

　　3.题错误之处为C，应改为be。

　　4.题中some bread为不可数名词，应选A。

　　考点二：考查there be句型的临近一致性

　　1. There ________ a pencil on the desk and you may use it. [03北京石景山区]

　　A. is B. are C. was D. were

　　2. There ________ two knives in the pencilbox. [03哈尔滨]

　　A. are B. be C. is D. am

　　3. There ________ a pair of shoes under the bed. The shoes ________ mine. [04兰州]

　　A. is;are B. is;is C. are;is D. are;are

　　[扫描2]

　　be的形式受后面靠近它的主语在人称和数上的制约，必须采取就近原则，与临近的主语保持一致，必须看清楚there后跟的是可数名词，还是不可数名词。还必须注意既有可数名词又有不可数名词的时候，be的形式的临近一致性。如:There is a bag of rice, two baskets of apples and three people under the tree.

　　答案要点：

　　1. a pencil为可数名词单数形式，可从A、C中选，又从and you may use it可以得出，选择A。

　　2.句中有two knives，名词复数，故选A。

　　3. a pair of修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词要用单数形式，而shoes是可数名词复数，故答案为A。

　　考点三：考查there be和have/has表示“有”的含义时的区别

　　1. There ________ two pictures on the wall.

　　[03北京大兴区]

　　A. is B. have C. are D. has

　　2. There ________ a football game in our school next week. [03新疆生产建设兵团]

　　A. has B. is going to be C. have D. is going to have

　　3. There________ a football match on TV this evening. [04陕西]

　　A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have

　　4. There is going to have a football match next Friday afternoon.

　　A 　　　B 　　　　　　　　　C 　　　D

　　(找错并改正)[04南京]

　　[扫描3]

　　英语中表示“有”的含义时可以用there be句型,也可以用have/has(got)表达，但二者在用法上有根本的区别：

　　there be句型表示存在，即某处有某物;have/has (got)表示所有、拥有，即某人(物)有……。如：

　　They have a beautiful home.

　　I’ve got an idea.

　　在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has替代。

　　答案要点：根据以上分析可得：1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B(应把have改成be)

　　考点四：考查there be的反意疑问句

　　1. There is a beautiful clock on the wall, ________? [03桂林]

　　A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. doesn’t it

　　2. There is little milk in the bottle, ________? [03广东]

　　A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t there D. is there

　　3. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, ________ ________?(完成反意疑问句) [03哈尔滨]

　　[扫描4]

　　there be句型的反意疑问句必须用there进行反问，这时需要注意的是there be句型中是否有seldom, hardly, little, few, no, nothing, nobody之类的否定词或半否定词，若有，则该部分应看成是否定的，反意疑问部分必须用肯定式。如果there be中带有否定的前缀的词，则该部分应看成肯定式，反意疑问部分仍要用否定形式。如: There was an unusual bike under the tree, wasn’t there?

　　答案要点：根据扫描4可得，1. A 2. D 3. was there

　　以上就是为大家整理的“初中英语语法点总结：Be 的四功能”，希望可以帮助大家更好地学习初中英语语法，更多内容敬请关注!