新概念英语第一册英语笔记整理 (46)

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　　[词汇]

　　shopping n. 购物

　　list n. 单子

　　vegetable n. 蔬菜

　　need v. 需要

　　hope v. 希望

　　thing n. 事情

　　money n. 钱

　　make a shopping list

　　hope to do sth.

　　cabbage/pea/bean/tomato/potato

　　greengrocer/greengrocer's

　　fruit/pear/apple/banana/grape/peach

　　I must go to the greengrocer's to buy some peaches.

　　get

　　I must go to the greengrocer's to get some peaches.

　　She must go to the greengrocer's to get some peaches.

　　baker/baker's

　　I must go to the baker's to get some biscuits.

　　They must go to the baker's to get some cakes.

　　butcher's/lamb/beef/steak/mince/chicken

　　I must go to the butcher's to get some lamb.

　　Mrs. Wood must go to the butcher's to get some chicken.

　　stationer's/envelope/pad/glue/magazine/newspaper

　　Lucy must go to the stationer's to get some pencils.

　　I must go to the stationer's to get some writing paper.

　　Jim wants to write a letter to his mother. What does he need?

　　He needs envelopes, writing paper and glue.

　　What must he do?

　　He must go to the stationer's to get these.

　　This afternoon, some of my friends are going to see me, so I'm going to cook some meals for them. What do I need?

　　I need to buy some vegetables and some meat.

　　What must I do?

　　I must go to the butcher's and also the greengrocer's.

　　Lesson 80 I must go to the … 我必须去

　　grocer's/groceries/cheese/eggs/butter/honey/jam/biscuit

　　to 的用法

　　1 介词，后跟名词或代词，动词的ing形式

　　2 动词不定式，后跟动词的原形

　　1)动词 + to + 动词原形

　　2)动词 + 人 + to + 动词原形

　　I want/ go to school

　　I want to go to school.

　　动词不定式是由动词构成的语法术语，结构是 to + 动词原形

　　some of them

　　一般情况下，介词和动词后跟宾语(即名词或代词)

　　I want an apple.

　　I want her.

　　I want to eat an eat an apple 做宾语

　　动词不定式在句子中除了谓语不能做外，可以做其它的各种成分。

　　I want her to eat an to eat an apple 做宾语补足语

　　P163

　　I must go to the grocer's to get some groceries.(目的状语)

　　greengrocer's/fruit/vegetables

　　pears/oranges/bananas/beans/peas/cabbages

　　butcher's/meat/lamb/beef/steak/mince/chicken

　　newsagent's/stationery/glue/envelopes/writing paper/newspapers/magazines

　　baker's/bread/cakes/chemist's/aspirins/medicine

　　[词汇]

　　groceries n. 食品杂货

　　fruit n. 水果

　　stationery n. 文具

　　newsagent n. 报刊零售人

　　chemist n. 化学家

　　Exercise B

　　Have you got any cheese? (grocer's)

　　I need a lot of cheese. I haven't got much.

　　I must go to the grocer's to get some cheese.

　　Has he got any envelopes? (newsagent's)

　　He need a lot of envelopes. He hasn't got many.

　　He must go to the newsagent's to get some envelopes.

　　Lesson 79 Carol's shopping list

　　need

　　needn't 实义动词/情态动词

　　need 做实义动词时，可以加s/ed

　　needs/needed

　　need 做情态动词时，没有时态，人称，数格的变化，可以直接加否定形式。不能单独做谓语，后边加动词原形。

　　1 need + to + 动词原形 -> need 是实义动词

　　2 need + 动词原形 -> need 是情态动词

　　I want an apple.

　　The children need milk.

　　加 do/ don't 构成否定或疑问形式。

　　The children don't need milk.

　　Do the children need milk?

　　What do the children need?

　　What do you need?

　　What does the girl need?

　　What do we need?

　　We need a lot of things.

　　She needs a house.

　　She doesn't need a house.

　　Does she need a house?

　　What does she need?

　　1 在肯定句中，need不可以象 I can go home.中的can的用法一样在肯定句中直接做情态动词，而是做实义动词。

　　I need to go home.

　　在肯定句中，need后只跟动词不定式，不跟动词原形。

　　而在否定句和疑问句中，情况就不是这样了。

　　I needn't study. (need 情态动词)

　　I don't need to study. (need 实义动词)

　　Need you study? (need 情态动词)

　　Do you need to study? (need 实义动词)

　　hope 可以做名词或动词

　　Where there is life, there is hope.[留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。]

　　hope 做动词时，可用作：

　　1 hope to do sth.

　　2 hope that

　　I hope to study abroad next year.

　　I hope that I/you study abroad next year.

　　hopeful/hopeless

　　shopping list

　　关于英语学习的若干指导：

　　1 慎重选择口语班

　　2 认真学好语法

　　[词汇·略]

　　make a shopping list

　　hope to do

　　have 有

　　have got/has got

　　在1 过去时 2 重复的动作，在这两种情况下，have got/has got 不能代替have

　　I had a cold yesterday.

　　She always has a headache.

　　I have got a lot of friends.

　　haven't

　　I haven't got a lot of friends.

　　a lot of 后可以跟可数名词，也可以跟不可数名词

　　I have got a lot of money.

　　在否定句和疑问句中，a lot of 后如果跟可数名词，则a lot of 换成many; a lot of 后如果跟不可数名词，则a lot of 换成much.

　　I have many friends.(错误，一般不这样说)

　　many/much

　　Have you got many friends?

　　Have you got much money?

　　I haven't got much money either.

　　[课文]

　　What are you doing, Carol?

　　I'm making a shopping list, Tom.

　　What do we need?

　　We need a lot of thing this week.

　　I must go to the grocer's.

　　We haven't got much tea or coffee, and we haven't got any sugar or jam.

　　What about vegetables?

　　I must go to the greengrocer's.

　　We haven't got many tomatoes, but we've got a lot of potatoes.

　　I must go to the butcher's, too.

　　We need some meat.

　　We haven't got any meat at all.. ->not at all

　　Have we got any beer and wine?

　　And I'm not going to get any!

　　I hope that you've got some money.

　　I haven't got much.

　　Well, I haven't got much either!

　　Carol is making a shopping list.

　　What do we need?

　　We need a lot of things this week.

　　What does Carol need?

　　I must go to the grocer's.

　　We haven't got much tea or coffee, and we haven't got any sugar or jam.

　　I must go to the greengrocer's.

　　We haven't got many potatoes, but we've got a lot of tomatoes.

　　I've/ we've/ they've/ she's/ he's

　　I must go to the butcher's.

　　We need some meat.

　　We haven't got any meat at all.

　　I hope that you've got some money.

　　I haven't got much.

　　I haven't got much either!

　　[课文·略]

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