新概念英语第三册课文+答案第14课：A noble gangster

新概念英语第三册内容主要针对的是基础比较薄弱的同学，为了方便同学们可以更好地巩固英语基础，小编还整理了新概念英语第三册课文、新概念英语第三册音频相关内容，便于同学们一起学习!

一、课文原文

1.课文
There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured with as dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.'

2.翻译
曾经有一个时期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱给歹徒以换取"保护"。如果交款不及时,歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店,让他破产.榨取"保护金"并不是一种现代的罪恶行径.早在14世纪,英国人约翰.霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现:"人们情愿拿出大笔的钱,也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手.
600年前,约翰.霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵来到意大利,在佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来,很快就出了名.意大利人叫他乔凡尼.阿库托.每次意大利各城邦之间打伏,霍克伍德把他的士兵雇佣给愿给他出高价的君主。和平时期,当生意萧条时,霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某个城邦,纵火烧毁一两个农场,然后提出,如向他们缴纳保护金,他们便主动撤离。霍克伍德用这种方法挣了大笔钱.尽管如此,意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄。他80岁那年死去时,佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬,并为他画像以纪念这位"骁勇无比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼.阿库托先生."

二、课文精讲

(课文精讲根据顺序分析课文重点)

　　pay large sums of money to sb.　向某人付大笔大笔的费用
　　in return for 目的是为了换取----作为对……的回报
　　Eg.: He gave me some books in return for my help.
　　when 引导状语从句修饰time
　　There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.
　　promptly: immediately
　　put a man out of business: 使某人失业
　　put sb./sth.out of...使某人失去……
　　Eg.: You are putting me out of patience.
　　Eg.: You have already put everything out of order.
　　put it out of your mind 忘记这件事情吧
　　by destroying his shop 通过……手段
　　Eg.: You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.
　　obtaining...
　　obtaining: getting
　　as long ago as 追溯回到；　dating back to
　　Eg.: I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.
　　John Hawkwood's discovery was quite remarkable
　　make the remarkable discovery 做出不同寻常的发现
　　would rather ...than...宁愿而不
　　Eg.: He would rather die than surrender.
　　Eg.: I would rather play tennis than swim.
　　would prefer to do ... than do...
　　would prefer doing ... to doing...
　　Eg.: He would prefer to die than surrender.
　　Eg.: He would prefer dying to surrendering.
　　would rather: sooner+ that 宾语从句（过去式）
　　Eg.　　: I would rather that you were not here.
　　Eg.: I would rather that I didn't see you.
　　Eg.: He would rather that he didn't hear the news.
　　life work 毕生的事业
　　Eg.: I want to have the tree cut down.
　　Six hundred years ago...
　　settled near Florence 定居在 Florence 附近
　　made a name for himself: become famous
　　Eg.: They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.
　　come to/get to 渐渐的
　　come to be known 渐渐被人所熟知
　　Eg.: I come to be known to my students.
　　Eg.: I got to know him
　　whenever 无论什么时候
　　at war 交战；　at war with 于……交战
　　hire 表示出租
　　who 指代prince
　　he demanded: Hawkwood demanded
　　in time of peace 在和平期间
　　march into 大踏步行军
　　burn down 烧毁/burn up 烧光／burn out 烧空
　　would offer to go away: would promise to go away
　　The house was burned out only...
　　in spite of this 尽管如此
　　People in different countries have different opinions.
　　Eg.: the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
　　give sb.a state funeral 给某人举行国葬
　　have sth.done
　　Signor 意大利语，先生
　　which 指代picture
　　be dedicated to the memory of sb.
　　the most valiant 比较级的最高级形式

三、单词学习

1、提示:n.名词、adj.形容词、vi.不及物动词、vt.及物动词、adv.副词、prep.介词、pron.代词、int.感叹词、num.数词、abbr.短语缩写
2、双击或选中某个单词可划词查字典，如下图：(手机端无法使用此功能)

3、单词列表：
gangster
n. 歹徒,强盗

Chicago
n. 芝加哥(美国城市)

protection
n. 保护

promptly
adv. 准时地

destroy
v. 毁掉;消灭

remarkable
adj. 不寻常的

band
n. 帮,团伙

Florence
n. 佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)

city-state
n. (古代)城邦

hire
v. 租出,雇给

prince
n. 君主,诸候

Florentine
n. 佛罗伦萨人

funeral
n. 葬礼

dedicate
v. 奉献,题献给

memory
n. 纪念

valiant
adj. 英勇的

四、课后练习答案

　　(1)...b...
　　premises: 房产
　　unharmed替代原文的destroy
　　(2)...b...
　　他获取自己的名字是依据自己的所作所为
　　(3)...a...
　　in that=because "因为",表示一种原因
　　(4)...a...
　　段时间——for a long time（现在完成式）
　　(5)...c...
　　prefer doing + to + 动名词
　　(6)...b...
　　hire: 从某人租得某物
　　(7)...a...
　　if not: 如果不＝unless
　　provided---条件是...
　　(8)...c...
　　介词on和名词death相搭配，表示去世的状态
　　介词on和动名词搭配，表示一个动作。＂一...就...＂
　　on seeing him,I ran away.
　　(9)...b...
　　动词的过去分词
　　(10)..d...
　　prepared: 心甘情愿的（=willing）
　　be willing to do,be prepared to do
　　agreeable: 宜人的，惬意的
　　desirable: 吸引人的（＝attractive）

　　更多新概念英语的干货内容，欢迎访问新东方新概念英语课堂，查看新概念英语第三册课后答案、新概念英语第三册单词和新概念英语第三册听力可供参考。祝同学们学习新概念英语3顺利!

新东方在线英语水平测试