新概念英语第四册课文文本30 Exploring the sea

2022-05-20 07:11:00来源:网络

新概念英语第四册课文文本30 Exploring the sea

  新概念英语第四册需要大家掌握的内容比较多,所以大家在学习这部分知识的时候,需要投入更多的时间和精力。那么具体的新概念英语第四册的都有哪些知识点,为了节省大家的时间,更全面的集中攻克本册的难点,下面小编为大家整理了“新概念英语第四册课文文本30 Exploring the sea”,希望对大家的学习有更好的帮助。

  Lesson 30

  Exploring the sea-floor

  海底勘探

  How did people probably imagine the sea-floor before it was

  investigated?

  Our knowledge of the oceans a hundred years ago was confined to the

  two-dimensional shape of the sea surface and the hazards of navigation presented

  by the irregularities in depth of the shallow water close to the land. The open

  sea was deep and mysterious, and anyone who gave more than a passing thought to

  the bottom confines of the oceans probably assumed that the sea bed was flat.

  Sir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2,400 fathoms in 1839, but

  it was not until 1869, when H.M.S. Porcupine was put at the disposal of the

  Royal Society for several cruises, that a series of deep soundings was obtained

  in the Atlantic and the first samples were collected by dredging the bottom.

  Shortly after this the famous H. M. S. Challenger expedition established the

  study of the sea-floor as a subject worthy of the most qualified physicists and

  geologists. A burst of activity associated with the laying of submarine cables

  soon confirmed the challenger's observation that many parts of the ocean were

  two to three miles deep, and the existence of underwater features of

  considerable magnitude.

  Today, enough soundings are available to enable a relief map of the

  Atlantic to be drawn and we know something of the great variety of the sea bed's

  topography. Since the sea covers the greater part of the earth's surface, it is

  quite reasonable to regard the sea floor as the basic form of the crust of the

  earth, with, superimposed upon it, the continents, together with the islands and

  other features of the oceans. The continents form rugged tablelands which stand

  nearly three miles above the floor of the open ocean. From the shore line, out a

  distance which may be anywhere from a few miles to a few hundred miles, runs the

  gentle slope of the continental shelf, geologically part of the continents. The

  real dividing line between continents and oceans occurs at the foot of a steeper

  slope.

  This continental slope usually starts at a place somewhere near the

  100-fatheom mark and in the course of a few hundred miles reaches the true ocean

  floor at 2,500-3,500 fathoms. The slope averages about 1 in 30. but contains

  steep, probably vertical, cliffs, and gentle sediment-covered terraces, and near

  its lower reaches there is a long tailing-off which is almost certainly the

  result of material transported out to deep water after being eroded from the

  continental masses.T.F.GASKELL Exploring the Sea-floor from Science Survey

  New words and expressions 生词与短语

  navigation

  n. 航海

  sounding

  n. 水深度

  fathom

  n. 寻(1寻等于1.8米)

  porcupine

  n. 箭猪

  dredge

  v. 挖掘

  expedition

  n. 远征

  physicist

  n. 物理学家

  magnitude

  n. 很多

  topography

  n. 地形

  crust

  n. 地壳

  rugged

  adj.崎岖不平

  tableland

  n. 高地

  sediment

  n. 沉淀物

  terrace

  n. 阶地

  erode

  v. 侵蚀

  本文参考译文

  100年前,我们只知道海洋是二维平面形的,以及靠近陆地浅水区的深浅不一能给航行带来危险。无边无际的海洋深邃而又神秘,凡是稍稍想过大海海底的人大概都会认为海底是平坦的。1839年,詹姆斯.克拉克.罗斯爵士曾测得海水深度超过2,400英寻;但直到1869年,皇家学会用英国“豪猪”号舰艇进行了几次巡航后,才在大西洋测得一个海水深度,同时能过挖掘海底,取得了研究海底的首批样品。此后不久,英国著名的“挑战者”号舰艇对海底的那次考察,把对海床的研究确立为一个值得一流物理学家和地质学家从事的研究课题,铺设海底电缆的热潮很快证实了“挑战者”号的观察结果:海洋中很多地方可深达两三英里,水下特征差异极大。

  现在已有足够的水深测量数据来绘制一张大西洋洋底地形图,而且我对海底地形的千变万化也有了一定的了解。既然海洋覆盖着地球的大部分表面,因此完全有理由把海床看作地壳的基本模壳,上面附加着大陆以及岛屿和海洋的其他形态。大陆是崎岖不平的高地,高出辽阔的海洋海底近三英里。从海岸线向大海延伸几英里到几百英里的区域是大陆架慢坡,从地质学上来说,它是大陆的一部分。大陆和海洋的真正分界线是在陡破脚下。

  大陆架慢坡一般是从差不多100英寻水深的地方开始的,一直延伸到几百英里远深达2,500至3,500的地方,那里才是真正的海底。坡度平均约为

  1/30,但其中包括陡峭的、乃至垂直的峭壁和沉积物覆盖的缓和的阶梯地带,在这个地带的低处是很长的一段尾沙地段,基本上可以断定这个地段是大陆块体上侵蚀下来的物质被水冲到深水处形成的。

  以上就是为大家整理的“新概念英语第四册课文文本30 Exploring the sea”,希望可以帮助大家更好地学习新概念英语第四册内容,更多内容敬请关注!


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