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There be结构用法详解

2008-11-24 00:00:00来源：英语语法网

1. there be结构的主谓一致

在英语里表示什么地方或时间存在什么事情就用此结构，句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。be的数与后面的名词一致，若be后是两个或多个并列的名词，be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。如：

There was a meeting yesterday. 昨天有个会议。

There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和好些铅笔。

比较：There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.


2. there be与have的比较

(1) 用法不同：there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。

(2) 结构不同：there be + sb./sth. +时间/地点(副词或介词短语)；sb./sth. + have +sb./sth. else

There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。

She has three cars. 她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的)

注：若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：

A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。


3. there be的否定和疑问

(1) 否定式：be后面加not(any)或no。如：

There are not any boats on the river. 河上没有船。

(2) 疑问句：是把be移到there的前面来。如：

Are there any boat on the river? 河上有船吗？

Yes, there are..(No, there are not.) 有。（没有。）

注：若有别的助动词时就不一样了，请看：

There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there? 明天没有足球赛，对吗？

There usedn’t to be a tall tree here, used/didn’t ther? 以前这里有棵高树，是不是？

There seems to be something wrong with you, doesn’t there? 你好像有些不舒服，对吗？

There happened to be a well there, didn’t there? 那里碰巧有口井，是不是？


4. there be结构的时态

there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：

There was a sport meeting in the playground yesterday. 昨天运动场举行了一场运动会。

There will be (=There is going to be) a new film show on Monday. 星期一将有一场新电影放。

There is to be a concert at the school hall. 学校礼堂有场音乐会。

There have been a lot of accidents round here. 这里已经发生多起事故了。

He told me that there had been an argument between them. 他告诉我们之间发生了一场争论。

There will have been a definite result by Friday. 到星期五前就已经有明确的结果了。

There must be a mistake somewhere. 一定在什么地方有错误。

There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下了雨，因为地是湿的。


5. there be结构的变体

该结构中，有时be还可以被live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等动词代替。如：

Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。

There remained just twenty-eight pounds. 只剩二十八英镑了。

There seems little doubt that he is insane. 似乎没有多少疑问他的神经不正常。


6. there be的非限定形式

there be的非限定形式是there to be和there being，主要用来做介词或动词的宾语、主语或状语。如：

Have you ever thought of there being so many interesting films for you to choose from?没想到过有这么多有趣的电影供你选择吧？

John was relying on there being another opportunity. 约翰相信另有机会。

There being a bus stop so near my house is a great advantage. 有公交车停在离我房子这么近的地方是很大的优势。

There having been no rain, the ground was dry. 由于没有下雨，地上很干燥。

It’s unusual for there to be so few people in the street. (=It’s unusual that there are so few people in the street) 这条街上这么少的人是不寻常的。

It was too late for there to be any subways. 太晚了，不会有地铁了。

Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem? 你们要开个会讨论一下这个问题吗?

I don’t want there to be a simple mistake in the article that I have written. 我不想我写的这篇文章中有错误。

I except there to be no argument about this. 我期限望对此事没有争论的。

注：there to be常做like, expect, mean, want, intend, prefer, hate等的复合宾语。


7. there be的固定句型

There be +名词或代词+to do (+介词) 有某事要做

There be + some/no+ trouble/difficulty ( in) doing sth/with sth. 做某事(没)有困难

There be + some/no + doubt about/as to sth / that… 对某事(没)有疑问

There is no sense/use/good/point (in) doing sth 做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义

There is no need (for sb.) to do sth/that… (某人)做某事没有必要

There is no chance/possibility to do sth/of doing sth./that… 没有做某事的机会/可能性

There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争辩。

There is a time when...有做某事的一段时间

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